Biology:Isorophida

Isorophida is an extinct order of prehistoric echinoderms in the class Edrioasteroidea. Isorophids are characterized by a disc-shaped, dome-shaped or club-shaped theca with ambulacra typically limited to the upward-facing oral surface which is bordered by an peripheral rim that flares outward parallel to the substrate. The aboral (substrate-facing) surface is unplated.

Isorophids are the most common order of edrioasteroids.

References

Works cited

• Bell, Bruce M. (1974). "A Study of North American Edrioasteroidea". New York State Museum and Science Service Memoir 21.  (Note that the front cover gives the year as 1976, however the inside cover gives the correct year of 1974 as corroborated by the publisher's listing at the New York State Museum Memoirs page)
• Sumrall, Colin D. (2009). "First Definite Record of Permian Edrioasteroids: Neoisorophusella maslennikovi n. sp. from the Kungurian of Northeast Russia". Journal of Paleontology 83 (6): 990–993. 
• Sumrall, Colin D.; Phelps, Daniel (2021). "Spiracarneyella, a new carneyellid edrioasteroid from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) of Kentucky and Ohio and comments on carneyellid heterochrony". Journal of Paleontology 95 (3): 624–629. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.97. 
• Sumrall, Colin D.; Zamora, Samuel (2011). "Ordovician edrioasteroids from Morocco: faunal exchanges across the Rheic Ocean". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 9 (3): 425–454. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.499137. 

External links

• Isorophida at fossilworks

Wikidata ☰ Q35133819 entry