Biology:Keratin 4
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Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 4 also known as cytokeratin-4 (CK-4) or keratin-4 (K4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT4 gene.[1][2]
Keratin 4 is a type II cytokeratin. It is specifically found in differentiated layers of the mucosal and esophageal epithelia together with keratin 13. Mutations in the genes encoding this protein have been associated with White Sponge Nevus, characterized by oral, esophageal, and anal leukoplakia.[3]
References
- ↑ "Subchromosomal localization of two human cytokeratin genes (KRT4 and KRT15) by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 54 (3–4): 148–50. 1990. doi:10.1159/000132979. PMID 1702379.
- ↑ "New consensus nomenclature for mammalian keratins". J. Cell Biol. 174 (2): 169–74. July 2006. doi:10.1083/jcb.200603161. PMID 16831889.
- ↑ "A novel mutation in the keratin 4 gene causing white sponge naevus". Br. J. Dermatol. 148 (6): 1125–8. June 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05337.x. PMID 12828738.
Further reading
- "Molecular characterization and expression of the stratification-related cytokeratins 4 and 15". J. Cell Biol. 106 (4): 1249–61. 1988. doi:10.1083/jcb.106.4.1249. PMID 2452170.
- "The Surface Protein Srr-1 of Streptococcus agalactiae Binds Human Keratin 4 and Promotes Adherence to Epithelial HEp-2 Cells". Infect. Immun. 75 (11): 5405–14. 2007. doi:10.1128/IAI.00717-07. PMID 17709412.
- "Comparative analysis of the expression of cytokeratins (1, 10, 14, 16, 4), involucrin, filaggrin and e-cadherin in plane warts and epidermodysplasia verruciformis plane wart-type lesions". J. Cutan. Pathol. 36 (6): 647–54. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01127.x. PMID 19515043.
- "A glutamine insertion in the 1A alpha helical domain of the keratin 4 gene in a familial case of white sponge nevus". J. Invest. Dermatol. 114 (2): 388–91. 2000. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00890.x. PMID 10652003.
- "Two new mutations in the keratin 4 gene causing oral white sponge nevus in Chinese family". Oral Dis 15 (1): 100–5. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01498.x. PMID 18992023.
- "Transcriptional regulation of the differentiation-linked human K4 promoter is dependent upon esophageal-specific nuclear factors". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (37): 23912–21. 1998. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.37.23912. PMID 9727005.
- "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
- Pellman, David, ed (2009). "Polo-Like Kinase 1 Directs Assembly of the HsCyk-4 RhoGAP/Ect2 RhoGEF Complex to Initiate Cleavage Furrow Formation". PLOS Biol. 7 (5): e1000110. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000110. PMID 19468300.
- "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. 2004. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. 2002. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
- "Epithelial structural proteins of the skin and oral cavity: function in health and disease". Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 11 (4): 383–408. 2000. doi:10.1177/10454411000110040101. PMID 11132762.
- "Polymorphic keratins in human epidermis". J. Invest. Dermatol. 88 (2): 191–7. 1987. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12525329. PMID 2433356.
- "Allelic variations of human keratins K4 and K5 provide polymorphic markers within the type II keratin gene cluster on chromosome 12". J. Invest. Dermatol. 100 (6): 735–41. 1993. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12475671. PMID 7684424.
- "The promoter of the HaCaT keratinocyte differentiation-related gene keratin 4 contains a functional AP-2 binding site". Arch. Dermatol. Res. 289 (12): 705–8. 1997. doi:10.1007/s004030050265. PMID 9452892.
- "Defining the Human Deubiquitinating Enzyme Interaction Landscape". Cell 138 (2): 389–403. 2009. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.042. PMID 19615732.
- Pellman, David, ed (2009). "Plk1 Self-Organization and Priming Phosphorylation of HsCYK-4 at the Spindle Midzone Regulate the Onset of Division in Human Cells". PLOS Biol. 7 (5): e1000111. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000111. PMID 19468302.
- "Chromosomal assignments of human type I and type II cytokeratin genes to different chromosomes". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 48 (3): 148–51. 1988. doi:10.1159/000132612. PMID 2466616.
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