Biology:Lampranthus

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Short description: Genus of succulents

Lampranthus
Lampranthus glaucoides 3.jpg
Lampranthus glaucoides
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Aizoaceae
Subfamily: Ruschioideae
Tribe: Ruschieae
Genus: Lampranthus
N.E.Br.[1]
Type species
Lampranthus multiradiatus
(Jacq.) N.E.Br.[1]
Species

See text

Lampranthus is a genus of succulent plants in the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to southern Africa.

Description

The genus name "Lampranthus" means "shining-flowers" in Greek, and the species of this genus have unusually large, bright flowers, of a range of colours (sometimes even bi-coloured), that usually appear in summer, and frequently cover the plants entirely.

The species of this genus typically have long, smooth, elongated, succulent leaves. These can be triangular or cylindrical, and like all plants in its family, appear in opposite pairs on the shrubs' branches.[2]

Lampranthus can be clearly distinguished from related genera by its seed capsules. The seed capsules of all of these genera have triangular valves, which open when they become wet, exposing the seed chambers (locules). In contrast to Ruschia, each valve in a Lampranthus capsule has two wings, on either side of it, but no visible closing body. Unlike in Delosperma, the seeds in Lampranthus seed chambers are partially covered by a covering membrane. Lampranthus seeds sometimes have visible stalks too.

Reproduction

Lampranthus multiradiatus
Lampranthus flowers often cover the entire plant.
Typical flower and leaf shape of genus
A field of Lampranthus multiradiatus (the "mini ice plant")
Lampranthus sp5 (2).JPG
Starr 080117-2149 Lampranthus sp..jpg

All Lampranthus species flower between June and August (in the Northern Hemisphere) with flower colours including red, orange, peach, yellow and light pink through to magenta and purple. They are pollinated by many insects, such as bees, wasps and beetles.

Species

(As of January 2024), Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[3]

  • Lampranthus acutifolius (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus aduncus (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus affinis L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus alboroseus Klak
  • Lampranthus antonii L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus arenarius H.E.K.Hartmann
  • Lampranthus arenicola L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus aureus (L.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus bicolor (L.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus borealis L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus brachyandrus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus brownii (Hook.f.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus caudatus L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus ceriseus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus coccineus (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus conspicuus (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus convexus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus coralliflorus (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus curviflorus (Haw.) H.E.K.Hartmann
  • Lampranthus debilis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus deflexus (Aiton) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus densifolius (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus densipetalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus diffusus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus disgregus N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus diutinus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus dregeanus (Sond.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus dubitans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus dulcis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus dyckii (A.Berger) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus edwardsiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus elegans (Jacq.) Schwantes
  • Lampranthus emarginatoides (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus emarginatus (L.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus erratus N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus esterhuyseniae L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus explanatus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus falcatus (L.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus falciformis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus fergusoniae L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus filicaulis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus flexifolius (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus flexilis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus foliosus L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus formosus (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus francesiae H.E.K.Hartmann
  • Lampranthus fugitans L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus glaucoides (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus glaucus (L.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus glomeratus (L.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus godmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus haworthii (Donn ex Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus hiemalis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus hoerleinianus (Dinter) Friedrich
  • Lampranthus holensis L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus imbricans (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus intervallaris L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus laetus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus lavisii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus laxifolius (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus leipoldtii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus leptaleon (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus leptosepalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus lewisiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus liberalis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus littlewoodii L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus marginatus (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
  • Lampranthus mariae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus montaguensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus multiradiatus (Jacq.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus multiseriatus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus mutatus (G.D.Rowley) H.E.K.Hartmann
  • Lampranthus nardouwensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus otzenianus (Dinter) Friedrich
  • Lampranthus pakhuisensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus pakpassensis H.E.K.Hartmann
  • Lampranthus pauciflorus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus paucifolius (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus peacockiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus peersii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus perreptans L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus plautus N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus pleniflorus L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus pocockiae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus polyanthon (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus praecipitatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus procumbens Klak
  • Lampranthus productus (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus profundus (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
  • Lampranthus promontorii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus proximus L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus purpureus L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus reptans (Aiton) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus rupestris (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus scaber (L.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus schlechteri (Zahlbr.) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus sociorum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus sparsiflorus L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus spectabilis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus spiniformis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus staminodiosus Schwantes
  • Lampranthus stanfordiae L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus stayneri (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus stenopetalus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus stenus (Haw.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus stephanii (Schwantes) Schwantes
  • Lampranthus stipulaceus (L.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus suavissimus L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus sublaxus L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus subrotundus L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus swartbergensis (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus swartkopensis Strohschn.
  • Lampranthus tenuifolius (L.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus turbinatus (Jacq.) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus uniflorus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus vanheerdei L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus vanzijliae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus verecundus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus vernalis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
  • Lampranthus violaceus (DC.) Schwantes
  • Lampranthus watermeyeri (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
  • Lampranthus zeyheri (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br.


Distribution

These plants are mainly found in Southern Africa, especially in arid areas, such as the Fynbos habitats.

Phytochemistry

L. aureus and L. spectabilis contain mesembrenol and low levels of related alkaloids such as mesembrenone[4] and have sometimes been mismarketed as kanna (Mesembryanthemum tortuosum) extract which contains higher levels of related alkaloids.[citation needed]

Gallery

  • Lampranthus glaucus

  • Typical cylindrical leaves of Lampranthus stipulaceus

  • The tiny species Lampranthus tenuifolius

  • Lampranthus zeyheri

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 87: 71. 1930 [25 Jan 1930] "Plant Name Details for Genus Lampranthus". IPNI. http://www.ipni.org:80/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=326333-2. Retrieved December 16, 2009. "Type Name: L. multiradiatus (N. J. Jacquin) N. E. Brown (Mesembryanthemum multiradiatum N. J. Jacquin) Remarks: nom. cons." 
  2. ↑ J. Manning: Field Guide to Fynbos. Struik, 2007. p.330.
  3. ↑ "Lampranthus N.E.Br.." (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/326333-2. 
  4. ↑ Smith, Michael T.; Field, Courtney R.; Crouch, Neil R.; Hirst, Manton (1998). "The Distribution of Mesembrine Alkaloids in Selected Taxa of the Mesembryanthemaceae and their Modification in the Sceletium Derived 'Kougoed'". Pharmaceutical Biology 36 (3): 173–179. doi:10.1076/phbi.36.3.173.6350. 

Wikidata ☰ Q159047 entry



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