Biology:Largest body part

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A model of the skeleton of a blue whale, the largest animal on earth

The largest body part is either the largest given body part across all living and extinct organisms or the largest example of a body part within an existing species. The largest animals on the planet are not the only ones to have large body parts, with some smaller animals actually having one particularly enlarged area of the body.

Living animals

Blue whale

Blue whale penis

As the largest animal that has existed, the blue whale has the largest instance of several body parts.

  • Its tongue weighs around 2.7 tonnes (3.0 short tons; 2,700 kg).[1]
  • Its mouth is large enough to hold up to 90 tonnes (99 short tons; 90,000 kg) of food and water.[2]
  • Its heart typically weighs 600 kg (1,300 lb; 0.66 short tons)[1] and can reach 900 kg (2,000 lb; 0.99 short tons) in exceptional cases[3]
  • Its aorta is about 23 centimetres (9.1 in) in diameter.[4]
  • The blue whale's penis typically measures 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) to 3 metres (9.8 ft) and a diameter of 30 centimetres (12 in) to 36 centimetres (14 in).[5]

Other animals

Giraffes are instantly recognisable for their long necks.
  • The giant and colossal squids have the largest recorded eyes of any living animal, with a maximum diameter of at least 27 cm (11 in).[6] Only the extinct ichthyosaurs are known to have had larger eyes.[6]
  • The giraffe has the longest neck of any land mammal.[7]
  • The north Pacific right whale has the largest testes of any mammal.[8]
  • The walrus has the largest baculum of any mammal.[9]
  • The wandering albatross has the largest wingspan at 3.63 metres (11 feet 11 inches).[10]
  • The longest horns ever recorded belonged to a wild water buffalo and measured 4.24 metres (13 feet 11 inches) from tip to tip.[11]
  • The largest and heaviest brain belongs to the sperm whale, weighing around 9 kilograms.[12]
  • The Arctic lion's mane jellyfish may be the longest animal; the biggest had a bell (body) with a diameter of 2.28 meters (7 feet 6 inches) and the tentacles reached 36.6 m (120 ft). It was found washed up on the shore of Massachusetts Bay in 1870.[13]
  • Bootlace worms can reach great lengths. A specimen was measured at 55 m (180 ft) but this may be unreliable as the body is somewhat elastic.[14]

In proportion to body size

  • The Morgan's sphinx hawk moth has the longest proboscis in relation to its body size. Its 25–30 cm proboscis is over 3 times longer than its body. It is also known as Darwin's moth because Charles Darwin predicted its existence some 40 years before it was discovered from experiments he did on an orchid with a "foot long" nectary.[15]
  • The tube-lipped nectar bat has the longest tongue of any mammal in relation to its body size. Its 85 mm (3.3 in) tongue is 1.5 times longer than its body, and must be kept inside its rib cage.[16]
  • The barnacle is the creature with the largest penis as a proportion of its body size.[17]
  • Among vertebrates, the Argentine blue-bill duck has the longest penis in relation to its body size.[18]
  • The vampire squid has the largest eyes of any animal relative to its size.[19]
  • The kiwi lays the largest egg of any bird relative to its size – up to a quarter of the mass of the female.
  • Viperfish has the largest teeth of any fish relative to its size.
  • Shrews have the largest brain-to-body mass ratio of any animal, with brains that are 10% of body weight. Humans however have the largest encephalization quotient of any animal.[20]
  • Dogs have the largest heart-to-body mass ratio.[21]
  • The jerboa has the largest ear as a proportion of its body size.[22]

Humans

The femur is the longest bone in humans
  • The longest bone in the human body is the femur.[23]
  • The largest artery is the aorta[24] and the largest vein is the inferior vena cava.[25]
  • The largest internal organ (by mass) is the liver, with an average of 1.6 kilograms (3.5 pounds).[26]
  • The largest external organ, which is also the largest organ in general, is the skin.[27]
  • The longest muscle is the sartorius muscle in the thigh.[28]
  • The longest single nerve is the sciatic nerve in the thigh, counting its branches and axons.

Individual human records

  • The person with the longest tongue is Nick Stoeberl of Salinas, California, United States, whose tongue measures 10.1 centimetres (3.98 in).[29]
  • The woman with the longest legs is Svetlana Pankratova. At a height of 200 cm (6.56 ft), her legs measure 132 centimetres (52 in).[30]
  • The woman with the longest fingernails is Lee Redmond. The total length of her fingernails is 7.513 meters.[31] The person with the longest fingernails on one hand is Shridhar Chillal,[32] the woman with the longest fingernails on one hand is Ayanna Williams.[33]
  • The longest head of hair belonged to Xie Qiuping of China and measured 5.627 metres (18 feet 5.5 inches) on 8 May 2004.[34]
  • The longest beard ever measured belonged to Hans Langseth of Norway ; at his death in 1927 it was 5.33 metres (17.5 ft) long.[35][36]
  • The longest ear hair belongs to Victor Anthony of India, measuring 18.1 centimetres (7.12 inches).[37]
  • The largest feet belonged to Matthew McGrory. His left foot measured 17 inches (43 cm) and he wore size 29 1/2 shoes.[38]


Extinct animals

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 The Scientific Monthly. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 1915. p. 21. 
  2. ↑ Jason de Koning and Geoff Wild (1997). "Contaminant analysis of organochlorines in blubber biopsies from Blue Whales in the St Lawrence". Trent University. http://whale.wheelock.edu/bwcontaminants/welcome.html. 
  3. ↑ "Animal Bytes - Blue Whale ". SeaWorld. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  4. ↑ Caspar, Dave (April 2001). "Ms. Blue's Measurements". Seymour Center, University of California, Santa Cruz.. http://www2.ucsc.edu/seymourcenter/PDF/2.%20Ms.%20B%20measurements.pdf. 
  5. ↑ "Reproduction". University of Wisconsin. http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2012/olson_rile/reproduction.htm. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Nilsson, D.-E.; Warrant, E.J.; Johnsen, S.; Hanlon, R.; Shashar, N. (2012). "A unique advantage for giant eyes in giant squid". Current Biology 22 (8): 683–688. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.02.031. PMID 22425154. 
  7. ↑ "Mammals: Giraffe". San Diego Zoo. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  8. ↑ Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior. Elsevier Science. 21 January 2019. ISBN 978-0-12-813252-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=O5lnDwAAQBAJ&q=%22North+Pacific+right+whales%22. 
  9. ↑ William F. Perrin; Bernd Wursig; J.G.M. 'Hans' Thewissen (26 February 2009). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-091993-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=2rkHQpToi9sC&q=%22largest+baculum%22. 
  10. ↑ "Largest Wingspan Of Any Living Bird". Guinness World Records. http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=50284. 
  11. ↑ "Longest Horns". Guinness World Records. http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=51205. 
  12. ↑ "Physeter catodon, Sperm Whale". MarineBio. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  13. ↑ "Giant Jellyfish: Arctic Lion's Mane" . Extreme Science. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  14. ↑ Carwardine, M. (1995). The Guinness Book of Animal Records. Guinness Publishing. p. 232.
  15. ↑ Beccaloni, George (23 April 2010). "Darwin and Wallace's Predictions Come True". The Alfred Russel Wallace Website. http://wallacefund.info/darwin-and-wallaces-predictions-come-true-0. 
  16. ↑ "The animal that stows its tongue in its rib cage". Yahoo! News. 6 December 2006. http://uk.news.yahoo.com/06122006/80-132/animal-stows-its-tongue-its-rib-cage.html. 
  17. ↑ "Biology of Barnacles". Museum Victoria. http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/crust/barnbiol.html. 
  18. ↑ Mayell, Hillary (23 October 2001). "Evolutionary Oddities: Duck Sex Organ, Lizard Tongue". National Geographic News. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/10/1023_corkscrewduck.html. 
  19. ↑ Ellis, Richard (1998). Deep Atlantic: Life, Death, and Exploration in the Abyss. Lyon Press. ISBN 978-1-558-21663-1.  Quoted by: Wood, James B.. "Introducing Vampyroteuthis infernalis, the vampire squid from Hell". The Cephalopod Page. http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/vsfh.php. 
  20. ↑ Roth, Gerhard; Ursula Dicke (May 2005). "Evolution of the brain and intelligence". Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9 (5): 250–257. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.005. PMID 15866152. 
  21. ↑ "10 Amazinf AnimalHeart Facts". February 13, 2018. https://cvm.ncsu.edu/10-amazing-animal-heart-facts/#:~:text=But%20the%20animal%20with%20the,mice%20and%20humans%20%E2%80%94%20have%20a%20.. 
  22. ↑ "This animal has the biggest ears on Earth (relative to size)" (in en). 2019-04-12. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/biggest-ears-elephants-jerboa-bats. 
  23. ↑ Dunleavy, Mara A.. "Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Knee Joint". Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1985/7/85.07.06.x.html. 
  24. ↑ "Intro to Blood Vessels". Boston Scientific. http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/HTML/CRM/heart/vessel_intro.html. 
  25. ↑ "Re: What is the largest vein?". MadSci Network. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  26. ↑ Norris, Maggie A.; Siegfried, Donna Rae (2012). Anatomy Essentials for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-118-18421-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=wpV520lF4uUC&pg=PA106. 
  27. ↑ "Skin". National Geographic. http://science.nationalgeographic.co.uk/science/health-and-human-body/human-body/skin-article/. 
  28. ↑ Harris, A. John; Duxson, Marilyn J.; Butler, Jane E.; Hodges, Paul W.; Taylor, Janet L.; Gandevia, Simon C. (2005). "Muscle fiber and motor unit behavior in the longest human skeletal muscle". The Journal of Neuroscience 25 (37): 8528–8533. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0923-05.2005. PMID 16162934. PMC 6725658. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17105039. 
  29. ↑ "Longest Tongue". Guinness World Records. http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/size/longest-tongue. 
  30. ↑ "Smallest Man Meets Woman with Longest Legs". Associated Press. September 16, 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  31. ↑ "Longest Fingernails - Female". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  32. ↑ "Check out the longest fingernails ever in Shridhar Chillal's Record Holder Profile Video". 2015-09-29. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2015/9/record-holder-profile-video-shridhar-chillal-and-the-longest-fingernails-ever-398817. 
  33. ↑ Gilbert, Asha C.. "Texas woman cuts off her 24-foot nails after breaking Guinness World Record". https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2021/04/08/ayanna-williams-breaks-guinness-world-record-longest-nails/7137520002/. 
  34. ↑ "Longest hair". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  35. ↑ "Longest beard – male". Guinness World Records. http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/3000/longest-beard-male. 
  36. ↑ "Hans Langseth". Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  37. ↑ "Longest Ear Hair". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  38. ↑ "Longest toe" (in en-GB). Guinness World Records. http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-toe. 



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