Biology:Lespedeza bicolor
| Lespedeza bicolor | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | Lespedeza |
| Species: | L. bicolor
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| Binomial name | |
| Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. (1840)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Synonymy
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Lespedeza bicolor is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names shrubby bushclover, shrub lespedeza, and bicolor lespedeza. It is native to eastern Asia, ranging from southeastern Siberia to eastern China, Mongolia, Korea, and Japan.[1][2][3] and it is widely grown as an ornamental plant. In some regions, such as the southeastern United States, it grows in the wild as an introduced and invasive species.[4]
Description
This plant is quite variable in appearance, and it has been bred into a number of cultivars. In general, this plant is an erect shrub growing to 3 metres (9.8 feet) in height and width, generally remaining smaller in cold climates.[4] It can grow from ground level to 5 feet (1.5 metres) in one growing season.[3] The cultivars "Little Buddy" and "Yakushima" grow to 3 feet (0.91 metres)[5] and 1.5 feet (0.46 metres),[6] resp. Lespedeza bicolor grows from a thick root system. The stems may be 3 centimetres (1.2 inches) in diameter. The leaves are each made up of three oval leaflets up to 5 centimetres (2.0 inches) long. The inflorescence is a raceme of up to 15 open pealike flowers,[4] which are pink and purple in color.[3] There are also cleistogamous flowers which self-pollinate and do not open. The fruit is a flat legume pod nearly a centimeter long which contains one seed.[4]
Cultivation
This species was first introduced to the United States as an ornamental shrub in 1856, and it was likely introduced several times after that. In the 1930s it was recommended for use as erosion control and in the revegetation of abandoned mine sites. It was used to enhance wildlife habitat, particularly for the northern bobwhite. The United States Department of Agriculture produced and distributed the seed and many millions were planted. A number of strains and cultivars were developed to improve the plant's drought tolerance and seed production.
Habitat
It can grow in many types of habitat, including disturbed areas. By the 1990s the plant had escaped cultivation and taken hold in many regions of the eastern United States, especially those in the Southeast. In the US, it is now present from New York to northern Florida and as far west as Nebraska and Texas . It can be found as far north as Ontario in Canada.[4]
In some areas this plant can form dense stands, becoming an aggressive invader.[4] It has been considered threatening in areas where it has disturbed or prevented the growth of native plants, including grasses and trees. It may spread after fire, interfering in schedules of controlled burns of fire-adapted habitat types.[4]
Phytochemicals
Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica contains lespedamine which is structurally related to DMT[7][8] and dihydrolespedezol derivatives, as well as the dimeric flavonoid, lespebicolin B[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Lespedeza bicolor | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 2011-11-25 }}
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lespedeza bicolor. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 09-16-2017.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Gucker, Corey L. (2010) Lespedeza bicolor. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved 2011-11-25.
- ↑ Lespedeza bicolor. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2017-09-16.
- ↑ Lespedeza bicolor. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2017-09-16.
- ↑ Somei, Masanori; Yamada, Fumio; Kurauchi, Takashi; Nagahama, Yoshiyuki; Hasegawa, Masakazu; Yamada, Koji; Teranishi, Sakiko; Sato, Haruhiko et al. (2001). "The Chemistry of Indoles. CIII.1) Simple Syntheses of Serotonin, N-Methylserotonin, Bufotenine, 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, Bufobutanoic Acid, N-(Indol-3-yl)methyl-5-methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, and Lespedamine Based on 1-Hydroxyindole Chemistry". Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 49 (1): 87–96. doi:10.1248/cpb.49.87. PMID 11201232.
- ↑ Morimoto, Hiroshi; Oshio, Haruji (22 February 1965). "Über Alkaloide, V Inhaltsstoffe vonLespedeza bicolor var.japonica, I. über Lespedamin, ein neues Alkaloid". Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 682 (1): 212–218. doi:10.1002/jlac.19656820121. https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jlac.19656820121.
- ↑ Tarbeeva, Darya V.; Krylova, Natalya V.; Iunikhina, Olga V.; Likhatskaya, Galina N.; Kalinovskiy, Anatoliy I.; Grigorchuk, Valeria P.; Shchelkanov, Mikhail Yu.; Fedoreyev, Sergey A. (1 March 2022). "Biologically active polyphenolic compounds from Lespedeza bicolor". Fitoterapia 157: 105121. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105121. PMID 34990769.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q232652 entry
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