Biology:Lestes

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Lestes is a widespread genus of damselflies in the family Lestidae.[1][2] Species occur throughout much of the world and are commonly known as spreadwings.[3][4]

Description

Species of Lestes are medium-sized to large, slender damselflies, typically coloured green, bronze or brown with a metallic sheen.[3][4] Unlike most damselflies, they usually rest with their wings held partly open, a characteristic that gives rise to the common name "spreadwings".[3]

The wings have an elongated pterostigma near the tip of the leading edge, a characteristic feature of the family Lestidae.[4] Males typically possess long, strongly curved appendages used to clasp females during mating.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Species of Lestes occur throughout much of the world, inhabiting ponds, marshes, swamps, lagoons and other still or slow-moving freshwater habitats.[3]

Taxonomy

Lestes is the largest genus in the family Lestidae. Modern studies support the recognition of Lestidae as a distinct family of damselflies, but suggest that relationships within the family may require further revision and that the broadly defined genus Lestes may be subdivided in the future.[5]

Etymology

The genus name Lestes comes from the Greek word λῃστής (lēistēs) meaning thief, referring to the predatory behaviour of damselflies.[6][7]

Species

The following species are currently placed in Lestes:[8]

Male Female Scientific name Common name Distribution
120px 120px Lestes alacer Hagen, 1861 Plateau Spreadwing[9] Central America and North America
Lestes alfonsoi González & Novelo, 2001 Central America.
Lestes amicus Martin, 1910 Congo, Tanzania, Angola
Lestes angularis Fraser, 1929 India
Lestes apollinaris Navás, 1934 Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Lestes auripennis Fraser, 1955 Madagascar
Lestes auritus Hagen in Selys, 1862 Brazil
120px 120px Lestes australis Walker, 1952 Southern Spreadwing[9] North America
120px 120px Lestes barbarus (Fabricius, 1798) Southern Emerald Damselfly,[10] Migrant Spreadwing[11] Europe in a band across Spain, France, Italy and Greece to India and Mongolia.
Lestes basidens Belle, 1997 Surinam
Lestes bipupillatus Calvert, 1909 Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina
120px 120px Lestes concinnus Hagen in Selys, 1862 Dusky Spreadwing India, Southeast Asia as far as New Caledonia, and northern parts of Australia
120px 120px Lestes congener Hagen, 1861 Spotted Spreadwing[9] Canada and in the United States
Lestes curvatus Belle, 1997 Surinam
Lestes debellardi De Marmels, 1992 Surinam
Lestes dichrostigma Calvert, 1909 Brazil
120px 120px Lestes disjunctus Selys, 1862 Northern Spreadwing[9] United States and Canada.
Lestes dissimulans Fraser, 1955 Cryptic Spreadwing Angola; Benin; Botswana; Côte d'Ivoire; Chad; Congo-Brazzaville; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Kenya; Liberia; Malawi; Mozambique; Namibia; Nigeria; Republic of South Africa; Senegal; Tanzania; Togo; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe
120px 120px Lestes dorothea Fraser, 1924 Forest Spreadwing south and northeast India to Thailand and Malaysia
120px 120px Lestes dryas Kirby, 1890 Emerald Spreadwing,[9] Scarce Emerald Damselfly,[10] Robust Spreadwing,[11] Turlough Spreadwing[12] central Europe and Asia from France to the Pacific and across North America
120px 120px Lestes elatus Hagen in Selys, 1862 India, Thailand and Sri Lanka.
120px Lestes eurinus Say, 1839 Amber-winged Spreadwing[9] Northeastern North America
Lestes falcifer Sjöstedt, 1918 Venezuela
Lestes fernandoi Costa, De Souza & Muzón, 2006 Brazil
120px Lestes forcipatus Rambur, 1842 Sweetflag Spreadwing[9] Canada and the United States
120px Lestes forficula Rambur, 1842 Rainpool Spreadwing[9] Caribbean Sea, Central America, North America, and South America
Lestes garoensis Lahiri, 1987 India
Lestes helix Ris, 1918 Peru, Venezuela
Lestes henshawi Calvert, 1907 Costa Rica, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela
Lestes ictericus Gerstäcker, 1869 Tawny Spreadwing Benin; Côte d'Ivoire; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gambia; Kenya; Malawi; Mali; Mozambique; Republic of South Africa; Senegal; South Sudan; Sudan; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe
120px 120px Lestes inaequalis Walsh, 1862 Elegant Spreadwing[9] eastern Canada and the United States
Lestes japonicus Selys, 1883 Japan, Korean Peninsula, Eastern Russia
Lestes jerrelli Tennessen, 1997 Ecuador
Lestes jurzitzai Muzon, 1994 Brazil
120px Lestes macrostigma (Eversmann, 1836) Dark Emerald Damselfly[13] or Dark Spreadwing[11] Europe into Central Asia and the Middle East
120px Lestes malabaricus Fraser, 1929 Sri Lanka, South India and Andaman Islands
Lestes malaisei Schmidt, 1964 Myanmar
Lestes minutus Selys, 1862 Brazil, Trinidad, Venezuela
120px Lestes nigriceps Fraser, 1924 Cambodia
120px 120px Lestes nodalis Selys, 1891 Northeast India, Thailand and China.
Lestes numidicus Samraoui, Weekers & Dumont, 2003 Algeria
Lestes ochraceus Selys, 1862 Benin; Côte d'Ivoire; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gabon; Gambia; Ghana; Kenya; Malawi; South Sudan; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe
120px Lestes pallidus Rambur, 1842 Angola; Botswana; Cameroon; Cape Verde; Chad; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gambia; Ghana; Kenya; Malawi; Mali; Mauritania; Mozambique; Namibia; Niger; Nigeria; Republic of South Africa; Senegal; Somalia; Sudan; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe
120px 120px Lestes patricia Fraser, 1924 Western Ghats in India
Lestes paulistus Calvert, 1909 Brazil
Lestes pictus Hagen in Selys, 1862 Brazil
Lestes pinheyi Fraser, 1955 Pinhey's Spreadwing Angola; Botswana; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gabon; Ghana; Malawi; Namibia; Nigeria; Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe
120px 120px Lestes plagiatus (Burmeister, 1839) Highland Spreadwing Angola; Botswana; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Kenya; Malawi; Mozambique; Nigeria; Republic of South Africa; Swaziland; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe
Lestes praecellens Lieftinck, 1937 Malaysia
120px 120px Lestes praemorsus Hagen in Selys, 1862 India to China and south to New Guinea
Lestes praevius Lieftinck, 1940 Sabah
Lestes pruinescens Martin, 1910 Madagascar
Lestes quadristriatus Calvert, 1909 Brazil
120px 120px Lestes rectangularis Say, 1839 Slender Spreadwing[9] eastern Canada and the United States
Lestes regulatus Martin, 1910 Ethiopia
Lestes scalaris Gundlach, 1888 Caribbean
Lestes secula May, 1993 Panama
120px Lestes sigma Calvert, 1901 Chalky Spreadwing[9] Central America and North America
Lestes silvaticus Schmidt, 1951 Madagascar
Lestes simplex Hagen, 1861 Mexico
Lestes simulatrix McLachlan, 1895 Madagascar
Lestes spatula Fraser, 1946 Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay
120px 120px Lestes sponsa (Hansemann, 1823) Emerald Damselfly,[10] Common Spreadwing[11][12] central Europe and Asia from Spain to the Pacific
Lestes spumarius Hagen in Selys, 1862 Antillean Spreadwing[9] Caribbean Sea and North America.
Lestes sternalis Navás, 1930 Colombia
120px Lestes stultus Hagen, 1861 Black Spreadwing[9] United States
120px 120px Lestes temporalis Selys, 1883 Japan
120px Lestes tenuatus Rambur, 1842 Blue-striped Spreadwing Central America, Ecuador
Lestes thoracicus Laidlaw, 1920 emerald-striped spreadwing Bangladesh, India, and Thailand
Lestes tikalus Kormoondy, 1959 Guatemala
Lestes trichonus Belle, 1997 Surinam
Lestes tricolor Erichson, 1848 British Guyana
120px Lestes tridens McLachlan, 1895 Spotted Spreadwing Angola; Botswana; Côte d'Ivoire; Congo-Brazzaville; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Ethiopia; Gabon; Kenya; Liberia; Mozambique; Namibia; Nigeria; Republic of South Africa; Somalia; Tanzania; Togo; Zambia; Zimbabwe
Lestes umbrinus Selys, 1891 Myanmar
Lestes uncifer Karsch, 1899 Sickle Spreadwing Cameroon; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gabon; Kenya; Malawi; Mozambique; Republic of South Africa; Somalia; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe
Lestes undulatus Say, 1840 Chile, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile
120px Lestes unguiculatus Hagen, 1861 Lyre-tipped Spreadwing[9] United States
Lestes urubamba Kennedy, 1942 Peru
120px Lestes vidua Hagen, 1861 Carolina Spreadwing[9] United States
120px 120px Lestes vigilax Hagen in Selys, 1862 Swamp Spreadwing[9] United States
120px 120px Lestes virens (Charpentier, 1825) Small Emerald Damselfly,[13] Small Spreadwing[11] Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia
120px 120px Lestes virgatus (Burmeister, 1839) Smoky Spreadwing Angola; Botswana; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Ethiopia; Kenya; Malawi; Mozambique; Nigeria; Republic of South Africa; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe
120px 120px Lestes viridulus Rambur, 1842 Emerald-striped Spreadwing India

Fossils

The fossil record of the genus Lestes extends from the Late Eocene to the present, with fossils known from Europe and Asia, indicating a long history and broad distribution.[14]

  • †Lestes aquisextana
  • †Lestes arvernus
  • †Lestes brisaci
  • †Lestes ceresti
  • †Lestes conexus
  • †Lestes datangensis
  • †Lestes dianacompteae
  • †Lestes forsterii
  • †Lestes irenea
  • †Lestes leucosia
  • †Lestes ligea
  • †Lestes lutzi
  • †Lestes peisinoe
  • †Lestes plicata
  • †Lestes regina
  • †Lestes sieblosiformis
  • †Lestes statzi
  • †Lestes vicina
  • †Lestes zalesskyi

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Lestes Leach, 1815". GBIF Secretariat. 2023. doi:10.15468/39omei. https://www.gbif.org/species/1423980. 
  2. ↑ Davies, Allen; Tobin, Pamela (1984). "The dragonflies of the world: A systematic list of the extant species of Odonata. Vol. 1. Zygoptera, Anisozygoptera". Societas Internationalis Odonatologica Rapid Communications (Supplements) 3 (1): 1–127. https://natuurtijdschriften.nl/record/593140. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Silsby, Jill (2001). Dragonflies of the World. CSIRO Publishing. p. 91. ISBN 0643065121. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Theischinger, Günther; Hawking, John (2021). The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia (2nd ed.). Melbourne, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 9781486313747. 
  5. ↑ Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.; Kalkman, Vincent J.; Dow, Rory A.; Stokvis, Frank R.; Van Tol, Jan (2014). "Redefining the damselfly families: A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata)". Systematic Entomology 39 (1): 68–96. doi:10.1111/syen.12035. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12035. 
  6. ↑ Costantino D’Antonio and Francesca Vegliante. "Derivatio nominis libellularum europæarum" (in it). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316791278_Derivatio_nominis_libellularum_europaearum. 
  7. ↑ Endersby, Ian; Fliedner, Heinrich (2015). The Naming of Australia's Dragonflies. Eltham, Victoria, Australia: Busybird Publishing. ISBN 9781925260625. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283318421_The_Naming_of_Australia's_Dragonflies. 
  8. ↑ "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. https://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/world-odonata-list2/. 
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 Dragonfly Society of the Americas. "North American Odonata: The Odonata of North America". https://www.pugetsound.edu/puget-sound-museum-natural-history/biodiversity-resources/insects/dragonflies/world-odonata-list/north-american-odonata. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "British Dragonfly Society". British Dragonfly Society. https://british-dragonflies.org.uk/. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 "DragonflyPix". DragonflyPix. http://www.dragonflypix.com/. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Brian Nelson; Robert Thompson (2004). The Natural History of Ireland's Dragonflies. Ulster Museum. ISBN 978-0-900761-45-4. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Jacques d'Aguilar; Jean-Louis Dommanget; René Préchac (1986). Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Britain, Europe and North Africa. Collins. 
  14. ↑ "The Paleobiology Database". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=txn:194600. 

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  • Data related to Lestes at Wikispecies

Wikidata ☰ Q2649380 entry



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