Biology:List of bustards

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Kori bustard

Bustards are birds in the family Otididae in the monotypic order Otidiformes. There are currently 26 extant species of bustards recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union.[1] Many species of fossil bustards are known from the Miocene onwards; however, their exact number and taxonomy are unsettled due to ongoing discoveries.[2]

Conventions

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the bustard's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IOC World Bird List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population estimates are of the number of mature individuals and are taken from the IUCN Red List.

This list follows the taxonomic treatment (designation and order of species) and nomenclature (scientific and common names) of version 13.2 of the IOC World Bird List.[1] Where the taxonomy proposed by the IOC World Bird List conflicts with the taxonomy followed by the IUCN[lower-alpha 1] or the 2023 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World,[4] the disagreement is noted next to the species's common name (for nomenclatural disagreements) or scientific name (for taxonomic disagreements).

Classification

The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) recognises 26 species of bustards in twelve genera. This list does not include hybrid species, extinct prehistoric species, or putative species not yet accepted by the IOU.

Family Otididae

Bustards

Genus Otis – Linnaeus, 1758 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Great bustard

O. tarda
Linnaeus, 1758

Two subspecies
  • O. t. tarda
  • O. t. dybowskii
Palearctic
Map of range 		 VU 


44,000–57,000 Population declining[5]

Genus Ardeotis – Le Maout, 1853 – 4 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Arabian bustard

A. arabs
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Four subspecies
  • A. a. lynesi
  • A. a. stieberi
  • A. a. arabs
  • A. a. butleri
Africa and Middle East  NT 


Unknown Population declining[6]

Kori bustard

A. kori
(Burchell, 1822)

Two subspecies
  • A. k. struthiunculus
  • A. k. kori
Africa  NT 


Unknown Population declining[7]

Great Indian bustard

A. nigriceps
(Vigors, 1831) 		India
Map of range 		 CR 


50–249 Population declining[8]

Australian bustard

A. australis
(Gray, J. E., 1829) 		Australia and New Guinea  LC 


6,700–67,000 Population declining[9]

Genus Chlamydotis – Lesson, R. P., 1839 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Houbara bustard

C. undulata
(Jacquin, 1784)

Two subspecies
  • C. u. fuertaventurae
  • C. u. undulata
North Africa
Map of range 		 VU 


13,000–33,000 Population declining[10]

Macqueen's bustard

C. macqueenii
(Gray, J. E., 1832) 		Asia
Map of range 		 VU 


33,000–67,000 Population declining[11]

Genus Neotis – Sharpe, 1893 – 4 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Ludwig's bustard

N. ludwigii
(Rüppell, 1837) 		Southern Africa  EN 


100,000–499,999 Population declining[12]

Denham's bustard

N. denhami
(Children and Vigors, 1826)

Three subspecies
  • N. d. denhami
  • N. d. jacksoni
  • N. d. stanleyi
Africa
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Unknown Population declining[13]

Heuglin's bustard

N. heuglinii
(Hartlaub, 1859) 		East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population stable[14]

Nubian bustard

N. nuba
(Cretzschmar, 1826) 		Africa  NT 


Unknown Population declining[15]

Genus Eupodotis – Lesson, R. P., 1839 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
White-bellied bustard

E. senegalensis
(Vieillot, 1821)

Five subspecies
  • E. s. senegalensis
  • E. s. canicollis
  • E. s. erlangeri
  • E. s. mackenziei
  • E. s. barrowii
Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[16]

Blue korhaan

E. caerulescens
(Vieillot, 1821) 		South Africa and Lesotho  NT 


8,000–10,000 Population declining[17]

Genus Heterotetrax – Sharpe, 1894 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Karoo korhaan

H. vigorsii
(Smith, A., 1831)

Two subspecies
  • H. v. namaqua
  • H. v. vigorsii
Africa  LC 


Unknown Population increasing[18]

Rüppell's korhaan

H. rueppelii
(Wahlberg, 1856)

Two subspecies
  • H. r. rueppelii
  • H. r. fitzsimonsi
Namibia and Angola  LC 


Unknown Population stable[19]

Little brown bustard H. humilis
(Blyth, 1855) 		Ethiopia and Somalia  NT 


Unknown Population declining[20]

Genus Lophotis – Reichenbach, 1848 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Savile's bustard

L. savilei
Lynes, 1920 		Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population stable[21]

Buff-crested bustard

L. gindiana
(Oustalet, 1881) 		East Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population stable[22]

Red-crested korhaan

L. ruficrista
(Smith, A., 1836) 		Southern Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population stable[23]

Genus Afrotis – Gray, G. R., 1855 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Southern black korhaan

A. afra
(Linnaeus, 1758) 		South Africa  VU 


Unknown Population declining[24]

Northern black korhaan

A. afraoides
(Smith, A., 1831)

Three subspecies
  • A. a. etoschae
  • A. a. damarensis
  • A. a. afraoides
Southern Africa  LC 


Unknown Population stable[25]

Genus Lissotis – Reichenbach, 1848 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Black-bellied bustard

L. melanogaster
(Rüppell, 1835)

Two subspecies
  • L. m. melanogaster
  • L. m. notophila
Africa
Map of range 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[26]

Hartlaub's bustard

L. hartlaubii
(Heuglin, 1863) 		East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population stable[27]

Genus Houbaropsis – Sharpe, 1893 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Bengal florican

H. bengalensis
(Müller, P. L. S., 1776)

Two subspecies
  • H. b. bengalensis
  • H. b. blandini
Southeast Asia and northeastern South Asia
Map of range 		 CR 


250–999 Population declining[28]

Genus Sypheotides – Lesson, R. P., 1839 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Lesser florican

S. indicus
(Miller, J. F., 1782) 		India
Map of range 		 CR 


356–1,228 Population declining[29]

Genus Tetrax – Forster, T., 1817 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Little bustard

T. tetrax
(Linnaeus, 1758) 		Palearctic of Asia, Europe, and North Africa
Map of range 		 NT 


100,000–499,999 Population declining[30]

Notes

  1. ↑ The IUCN follows the taxonomy proposed by the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist.[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Turacos, bustards, cuckoos, mesites, sandgrouse". July 2023. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/bow/turacos/. 
  2. ↑ "Fossilworks: Otididae". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=39634. 
  3. ↑ "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7". HBW and BirdLife International. 2022. http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/taxonomy. 
  4. ↑ Clements, James F.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, Denis; Billerman, S. M.; Sullivan, B. L. et al. (2022). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022". https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/. 
  5. ↑ BirdLife International (2017). "Otis tarda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22691900A119044104. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22691900A119044104.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691900/119044104. Retrieved 27 January 2022. 
  6. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Ardeotis arabs". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22691924A129917069. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691924A129917069.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691924/129917069. Retrieved 14 November 2021. 
  7. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Ardeotis kori". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691928A93329549. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691928A93329549.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691928/93329549. Retrieved 19 November 2021. 
  8. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Ardeotis nigriceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22691932A134188105. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691932A134188105.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691932/134188105. Retrieved 19 November 2021. 
  9. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Ardeotis australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691940A93330335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691940A93330335.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691940/93330335. Retrieved 19 November 2021. 
  10. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Chlamydotis undulata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22728245A90341807. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728245A90341807.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728245/90341807. Retrieved 19 November 2021. 
  11. ↑ BirdLife International (2019). "Chlamydotis macqueenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22733562A205364424. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22733562A205364424.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22733562/205364424. Retrieved 19 November 2021. 
  12. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Neotis ludwigii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22691910A129456278. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691910A129456278.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691910/129456278. Retrieved 13 November 2021. 
  13. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Neotis denhami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691905A93327715. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691905A93327715.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691905/93327715. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  14. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Neotis heuglinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691920A93328934. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691920A93328934.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691920/93328934. Retrieved 11 November 2021. 
  15. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Neotis nuba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691914A93328585. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691914A93328585.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691914/93328585. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  16. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Eupodotis senegalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691996A93332403. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691996A93332403.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691996/93332403. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  17. ↑ BirdLife International (2017). "Eupodotis caerulescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22692000A118449147. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22692000A118449147.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22692000/118449147. Retrieved 11 November 2021. 
  18. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Heterotetrax vigorsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691986A93331917. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691986A93331917.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691986/93331917. Retrieved 13 September 2023. 
  19. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Heterotetrax rueppelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691980A93331758. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691980A93331758.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691980/93331758. Retrieved 13 September 2023. 
  20. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Heterotetrax humilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691991A93332115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691991A93332115.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691991/93332115. Retrieved 13 September 2023. 
  21. ↑ BirdLife International (2017). "Lophotis savilei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22691955A118859689. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22691955A118859689.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691955/118859689. Retrieved 17 November 2021. 
  22. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Lophotis gindiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691960A93330878. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691960A93330878.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691960/93330878. Retrieved 14 November 2021. 
  23. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Lophotis ruficrista". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691965A93331085. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691965A93331085.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691965/93331085. Retrieved 13 November 2021. 
  24. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Afrotis afra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691975A93331501. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691975A93331501.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691975/93331501. Retrieved 14 November 2021. 
  25. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Afrotis afraoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22691970A93331294. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691970A93331294.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691970/93331294. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  26. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Lissotis melanogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22692007A93332996. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692007A93332996.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22692007/93332996. Retrieved 17 November 2021. 
  27. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Lissotis hartlaubii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22692011A93333424. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692011A93333424.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22692011/93333424. Retrieved 16 November 2021. 
  28. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Houbaropsis bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22692015A130184896. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22692015A130184896.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22692015/130184896. 
  29. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Sypheotides indicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22692024A199959007. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22692024/199959007. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  30. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Tetrax tetrax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22691896A129913710. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22691896A129913710.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22691896/129913710. Retrieved 11 November 2021. 



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