Biology:List of emballonurids

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Short description: Species in mammal family Emballonuridae

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A photograph of a Pacific sheath-tailed bat hanging upside-down. It is gray.
Pacific sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura semicaudata)

Emballonuridae is one of the twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and part of the Yangochiroptera suborder. Members of this family are called emballonurids, and include sheath-tailed bats, sac-winged bats, and tomb bats. They are found in all continents except Europe and Antarctica, primarily in forests and caves, though some species can also be found in shrublands, savannas, rocky areas, or deserts. They range in size from the Amazonian sac-winged bat, at 3 cm (1 in) plus a 1 cm (0.4 in) tail, to the Pel's pouched bat, at 14 cm (6 in) plus a 4 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, emballonurids are capable of true and sustained flight, and have forearm lengths ranging from 3 cm (1 in) to 10 cm (4 in). They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders, and occasionally fruit.[1] Almost no emballonurids have population estimates, though three species—the Pacific sheath-tailed bat, Antioquian sac-winged bat, and Hildegarde's tomb bat—are categorized as endangered species, and one species—the Seychelles sheath-tailed bat—is categorized as critically endangered with a population as low as 50.

The 54 extant species of Emballonuridae are divided between two subfamilies: Emballonurinae and Taphozoinae. Emballonurinae contains 36 species in 12 genera, and Taphozoinae contains 18 species in 2 genera. A few extinct prehistoric emballonurid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[2]

Conventions

Template:IUCN statuses

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the emballonurid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Classification

Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Australia, and Asia
Emballonuridae distribution

The family Emballonuridae consists of two subfamilies: Emballonurinae, containing 36 species divided into 12 genera, and Taphozoinae, which contains 18 species in 2 genera.

Family Emballonuridae

  • Subfamily Emballonurinae
  • Subfamily Taphozoinae

Emballonurids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[3]

Subfamily Emballonurinae

Genus Balantiopteryx – Peters, 1867 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ecuadorian sac-winged bat


B. infusca
(Thomas, 1897) 		Colombia and Ecuador
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[5] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[5]

Gray sac-winged bat

Brown bat

B. plicata
Peters, 1867

Two subspecies
  • B. p. pallida
  • B. p. plicata
Mexico and Central America
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[6] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[6]

Thomas's sac-winged bat

Brown bat

B. io
Thomas, 1904 		Mexico and Central America
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Caves and forest[7] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[7]

Genus Centronycteris – Gray, 1838 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Shaggy bat

Brown bat

C. maximiliani
J. B. Fischer, 1829 		Northern and eastern South America
Map of range 		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[9] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[9]

Thomas's shaggy bat

Brown bat

C. centralis
Thomas, 1912 		Mexico, Central America, and northern South America
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[10] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[10]

Genus Coleura – Peters, 1867 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
African sheath-tailed bat

Brown bat

C. afra
(Peters, 1852) 		Scattered Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Desert, caves, shrubland, savanna, and forest[11] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[11]

Madagascar sheath-tailed bat


C. kibomalandy
Goodman, Puechmaille, Friedli-Weyeneth, Gerlach, Ruedi, Schoeman, Stanley, & Teeling, 2012 		Madagascar Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[12] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[12]

Seychelles sheath-tailed bat

Brown bat

C. seychellensis
(Peters, 1868)

Two subspecies
  • C. s. seychellensis
  • C. s. silhouettae
Seychelles
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus unknown tail
4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and caves[13] 		 CR 


50–100 Population declining[13]

Genus Cormura – Peters, 1867 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Chestnut sac-winged bat

Brown bat

C. brevirostris
(Wagner, 1843) 		Central America and northern South America
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[14] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[14]

Genus Cyttarops – Thomas, 1913 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Short-eared bat


C. alecto
Thomas, 1913 		Central America and northern South America
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[15] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[15]

Genus Diclidurus – Wied-Neuwied, 1820 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater ghost bat


D. ingens
Hernandez-Camacho, 1955 		Northern South America
Map of range 		Size: About 8 cm (3 in), plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[16] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[16]

Isabelle's ghost bat


D. isabellus
Thomas, 1920 		Northern South America
Map of range 		Size: About 7 cm (3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
about 5 cm (2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[17] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[17]

Lesser ghost bat


D. scutatus
Peters, 1869 		Northern South America
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
5–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[18] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[18]

Northern ghost bat

White bat

D. albus
Wied-Neuwied, 1820

Two subspecies
  • D. a. albus
  • D. a. virgo
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Map of range 		Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 1–8 cm (0.4–3.1 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest[19] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[19]

Genus Emballonura – Temminck, 1838 – eight species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Beccari's sheath-tailed bat


E. beccarii
Peters & Doria, 1881

Three subspecies
  • E. b. beccarii
  • E. b. clavium
  • E. b. meeki
Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest and caves[21] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[21]

Greater sheath-tailed bat


E. furax
Thomas, 1911 		Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Map of range 		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest and caves[22] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[22]

Large-eared sheath-tailed bat


E. dianae
Hill, 1956

Three subspecies
  • E. d. dianae
  • E. d. fruhstorferi
  • E. d. rickwoodi
Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
Map of range 		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest and caves[23] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[23]

Lesser sheath-tailed bat

Drawing of bat

E. monticola
Temminck, 1838 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[24] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[24]

Pacific sheath-tailed bat

Brown bat

E. semicaudata
Peale, 1848

Four subspecies
  • E. s. palauensis
  • E. s. rotensis
  • E. s. semicaudata
  • E. s. sulcata
Polynesia and Micronesia
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus unknown tail
4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[25] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[25]

Raffray's sheath-tailed bat

Brown bat

E. raffrayana
Dobson, 1879

Three subspecies
  • E. r. cor
  • E. r. raffrayana
  • E. r. stresemanni
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands
Map of range 		Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Caves and forest[26] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[26]

Seri's sheath-tailed bat


E. serii
Flannery, 1994 		Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
Map of range 		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[27] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[27]

Small Asian sheath-tailed bat


E. alecto
(Eydoux & Gervais, 1836)

Four subspecies
  • E. a. alecto
  • E. a. anambensis
  • E. a. palawanensis
  • E. a. rivalis
Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest and caves[28] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[28]

Genus Mosia – Gray, 1843 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Dark sheath-tailed bat

Brown bats

M. nigrescens
Gray, 1843

Three subspecies
  • M. n. nigrescens
  • M. n. papuana
  • M. n. solomonis
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[29] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[29]

Genus Paremballonura – Goodman, Puechmaille, Friedli-Weyeneth, Gerlach, Ruedi, Schoeman, Stanley, & Teeling, 2012 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Peters's sheath-tailed bat

Brown bat

P. atrata
Peters, 1874 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[30] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[30]

Western sheath-tailed bat


P. tiavato
(Goodman, Cardiff, Ranivo, Russell, & Yoder, 2006) 		Western Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[31] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[31]

Genus Peropteryx – Peters, 1867 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater dog-like bat

Brown bat

P. kappleri
Peters, 1867

Two subspecies
  • P. k. intermedia
  • P. k. kappleri
Mexico, Central America, and South America
Map of range 		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[32] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[32]

Lesser dog-like bat

Brown bat

P. macrotis
Wagner, 1843 		Mexico, Central America, and South America
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[33] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[33]

Pale-winged dog-like bat

Brown bat

P. pallidoptera
Lim, Engstrom, Reid, Simmons, Voss, & Fleck, 2010 		Northwestern South America
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[34] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[34]

Trinidad dog-like bat

Brown bat

P. trinitatis
Miller, 1899

Two subspecies
  • P. t. phaea
  • P. t. trinitatis
Northeastern South America
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[35] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[35]

White-winged dog-like bat


P. leucoptera
Peters, 1867

Two subspecies
  • P. l. cyclops
  • P. l. leucoptera
Northern South America
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest and caves[36] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[36]

Genus Rhynchonycteris – Peters, 1867 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Proboscis bat

Brown bats

R. naso
(Wied-Neuwied, 1820) 		Mexico, Central America, and South America
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest and caves[37] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[37]

Genus Saccopteryx – Illiger, 1811 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amazonian sac-winged bat


S. gymnura
Thomas, 1901 		Northern South America
Map of range 		Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[38] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[38]

Antioquian sac-winged bat


S. antioquensis
Muñoz & Cuartas, 2001 		Colombia
Map of range 		Size: 4–5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest and caves[39] 		 EN 


Unknown Unknown[39]

Frosted sac-winged bat

Brown bats

S. canescens
Thomas, 1901

Two subspecies
  • S. c. canescens
  • S. c. pumila
Northern South America
Map of range 		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[40] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[40]

Greater sac-winged bat

Brown bat

S. bilineata
(Temminck, 1838) 		Mexico, Central America, and South America
Map of range 		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–5 cm (2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest and caves[41] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[41]

Lesser sac-winged bat

Brown bats

S. leptura
Schreber, 1774 		Mexico, Central America, and South America
Map of range 		Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) forearm length[8]

Habitat: Forest[42] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[42]

Subfamily Taphozoinae

Genus Saccolaimus – Temminck, 1838 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Naked-rumped pouched bat

Brown bat

S. saccolaimus
Temminck, 1838

Five subspecies
  • S. s. affinis
  • S. s. crassus
  • S. s. nudicluniatus
  • S. s. pluto
  • S. s. saccolaimus
Southern and southeastern Asia and northern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[43] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[43]

Papuan sheath-tailed bat


S. mixtus
Troughton, 1925 		Southern New Guinea and northern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 7–8 cm (3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[44] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[44]

Pel's pouched bat

Black and white photo of bat

S. peli
Temminck, 1853 		Western and central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
8–10 cm (3–4 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest[45] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[45]

Yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat

Brown bat

S. flaviventris
Peters, 1867 		Australia and Papua New Guinea
Map of range 		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
7–9 cm (3–4 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[46] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[46]

Genus Taphozous – Geoffroy, 1818 – fourteen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Arnhem sheath-tailed bat


T. kapalgensis
McKean & Friend, 1979 		Northwestern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and grassland[47] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[47]

Black-bearded tomb bat

Brown bat

T. melanopogon
Temminck, 1841

Five subspecies
  • T. m. bicolor
  • T. m. cavaticus
  • T. m. fretensis
  • T. m. melanopogon
  • T. m. phillipinensis
Southern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves[48] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[48]

Coastal sheath-tailed bat

Brown bat

T. australis
Gould, 1854 		Northern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, caves, and coastal marine[49] 		 NT 


9,000–10,000 Population declining[49]

Common sheath-tailed bat


T. georgianus
Thomas, 1915 		Northern and northwestern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Savanna, rocky areas, and caves[50] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[50]

Egyptian tomb bat

Drawing of bat

T. perforatus
Geoffroy, 1818

Four subspecies
  • T. p. haedinus
  • T. p. perforatus
  • T. p. senegalensis
  • T. p. sudani
Scattered Africa and western and southern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Savanna and inland wetlands[51] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[51]

Hamilton's tomb bat


T. hamiltoni
Thomas, 1920 		Central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 8–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Savanna and unknown[52] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[52]

Hildegarde's tomb bat


T. hildegardeae
Thomas, 1909 		Kenya and Tanzania
Map of range 		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest and caves[53] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[53]

Hill's sheath-tailed bat


T. hilli
Kitchener, 1980 		Australia
Map of range 		Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, caves, and desert[54] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[54]

Indonesian tomb bat


T. achates
Thomas, 1915

Two subspecies
  • T. a. achates
  • T. a. minor
Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 7–8 cm (3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest and caves[55] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[55]

Long-winged tomb bat

Brown bat

T. longimanus
Hardwicke, 1825

Four subspecies
  • T. l. albipinnis
  • T. l. kampenii
  • T. l. leucopleurus
  • T. l. longimanus
Southern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, rocky areas, and caves[56] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[56]

Mauritian tomb bat

Brown bats

T. mauritianus
Geoffroy, 1818 		Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and rocky areas[57] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[57]

Naked-rumped tomb bat

Brown bat

T. nudiventris
Cretzschmar, 1830

Five subspecies
  • T. n. kachhensis
  • T. n. magnus
  • T. n. nudaster
  • T. n. nudiventris
  • T. n. zayidi
Scattered Africa and western and southern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 8–11 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
7–8 cm (3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, caves, and desert[58] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[58]

Theobald's tomb bat

Brown bat

T. theobaldi
Dobson, 1872

Two subspecies
  • T. t. secatus
  • T. t. theobaldi
Southern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
7–8 cm (3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Forest and caves[59] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[59]

Troughton's sheath-tailed bat


T. troughtoni
Tate, 1952 		Northeastern Australia
Map of range 		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
7–8 cm (3 in) forearm length[20]

Habitat: Savanna, rocky areas, and caves[60] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[60]

References

  1. ↑ Nowak, pp. 87–88
  2. ↑ "PBDB Taxon: Emballonuridae". Paleobiology Database. University of Wisconsin–Madison. https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=txn:40636. 
  3. ↑ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 381–390
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, pp. 486–487
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Tirira, D. (2015). "Balantiopteryx infusca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T2531A22029804.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2531/22029804. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lim, B.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2016). "Balantiopteryx plicata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T2533A22029659.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2533/22029659. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lim, B. (2015). "Balantiopteryx io". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T2532A22030080.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2532/22030080. 
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, p. 488
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Centronycteris maximiliani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T4112A22002444.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4112/22002444. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2015). "Centronycteris centralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T136350A22023809.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136350/22023809. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Monadjem, A.; Bergmans, W.; Racey, P. A.; Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Cardiff, S. G. (2017). "Coleura afra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T5113A22089365.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/5113/22089365. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Goodman, S. (2017). "Coleura kibomalandy". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T80221085A95642170.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/80221085/95642170. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Mondajem, A.; Gerlach, J.; Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Bergmans, W. (2017). "Coleura seychellensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T5112A22089794.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/5112/22089794. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S.; Miller, B.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2016). "Cormura brevirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41527A22006450.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41527/22006450. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lim, B.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2016). "Cyttarops alecto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6206A22022820.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6206/22022820. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lim, B.; Velazco, P.; Mantilla-Meluk, H. (2016). "Diclidurus ingens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6562A21986793.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6562/21986793. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Diclidurus isabella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T6563A21986404.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6563/21986404. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Diclidurus scutatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6564A21986499.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6564/21986499. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Lim, B.; Miller, B.; Reid, F.; Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C. (2016). "Diclidurus albus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6561A21986615.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6561/21986615. 
  20. ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 20.21 20.22 20.23 Chernasky; Motis; Burgin, pp. 484–485
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Emballonura beccarii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7672A209521847.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7672/209521847. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Armstrong, K. N.; Aplin, K. (2021). "Emballonura furax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7667A209536771.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7667/209536771. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Emballonura dianae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7673A209522232.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7673/209522232. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Bates, P. J. J.; Francis, C. M.; Kingston, T. (2021). "Emballonura monticola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T7674A22134864.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7674/22134864. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Waldien, D. L.; Scanlon, A. (2021). "Emballonura semicaudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T7669A22135085.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7669/22135085. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Emballonura raffrayana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7668A209522673.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7668/209522673. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Emballonura serii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T41528A209523175.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41528/209523175. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Armstrong, K. N.; Wiantoro, S. (2021). "Emballonura alecto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T7670A209548087.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7670/209548087. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Mosia nigrescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T13904A209523725.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13904/209523725. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Monadjem, A.; Cardiff, S. G.; Rakotoarivelo, A. R.; Jenkins, R. K. B.; Ratrimomanarivo, F. H. (2017). "Paremballonura atrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T7671A22135427.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7671/22135427. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Monadjem, A.; Cardiff, S. G.; Rakotoarivelo, A. R.; Jenkins, R. K. B.; Ratrimomanarivo, F. H. (2017). "Paremballonura tiavato". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T136835A22040708.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136835/22040708. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Davalos, L.; Molinari, J.; Miller, B.; Rodriguez, B. (2018). "Peropteryx kappleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T16707A22100544.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/16707/22100544. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Barquez, R.; Lim, B.; Rodriguez, B.; Miller, B.; Diaz, M. (2015). "Peropteryx macrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16709A22101100.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/16709/22101100. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Solari, S. (2016). "Peropteryx pallidoptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T85822291A85822446.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/85822291/85822446. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Peropteryx trinitatis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136790A22035534.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136790/22035534. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Solari, S. (2015). "Peropteryx leucoptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16708A22100830.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/16708/22100830. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Lim, B.; Miller, B. (2016). "Rhynchonycteris naso". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19714A22010818.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19714/22010818. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Sampaio, E.; Lim, B.; Peters, S. (2016). "Saccopteryx gymnura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19806A22005356.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19806/22005356. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Solari, S. (2016). "Saccopteryx antioquensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136420A21985022.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136420/21985022. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Solari, S. (2015). "Saccopteryx canescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T19805A22005456.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19805/22005456. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Solari, S. (2015). "Saccopteryx bilineata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T19804A22004716.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19804/22004716. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Solari, S. (2015). "Saccopteryx leptura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T19807A22005807.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19807/22005807. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Lumsden, L. F. (2017). "Saccolaimus saccolaimus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19802A209550074.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19802/209550074. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Armstrong, K. N.; Broken-brow, J.; Burbidge, A. H.; Woinarski, J. C. Z. (2021). "Saccolaimus mixtus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T19800A209535232.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19800/209535232. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J.; Hutson, A. M.; Mickleburgh, S.; Bergmans, W. (2017). "Saccolaimus peli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19801A22004557.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19801/22004557. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Armstrong, K. N.; Lumsden, L. F. (2021). "Saccolaimus flaviventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T19799A209538418.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19799/209538418. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Armstrong, K. N.; Burbidge, A. H.; Milne, D. J.; Reardon, T. B.; Woinarski, J. C. Z. (2021). "Taphozous kapalgensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T21458A209539248.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21458/209539248. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Phelps, K.; Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Helgen, K.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.; Gumal, M.; Balete, D. S. et al. (2019). "Taphozous melanopogon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21461A22110277.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21461/22110277. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Taphozous australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T21452A22112046.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21452/22112046. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Armstrong, K. N.; Reardon, T. B. (2021). "Taphozous georgianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T21454A209538623.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21454/209538623. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Monadjem, A.; Molur, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Amr, Z. S. S.; Kock, D.; Mickleburgh, S.; Bergmans, W. (2020). "Taphozous perforatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T21463A166505490.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21463/166505490. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A. M.; Bergmans, W. (2019). "Taphozous hamiltoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21455A22111838.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21455/22111838. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Webala, P.; Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Musila, S. (2020). "Taphozous hildegardeae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T21456A22111960.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21456/22111960. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Taphozous hilli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T21457A209524440.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21457/209524440. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Hutson, A. M.; Schlitter, D.; Kingston, T. (2016). "Taphozous achates". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T21453A22111549.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21453/22111549. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Taphozous longimanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21459A22111355.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21459/22111355. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Monadjem, A.; Fahr, J.; Mickleburgh, S.; Racey, P. A.; Hutson, A. M.; Ravino, J.; Bergmans, W. (2017). "Taphozous mauritianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21460A22111004.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21460/22111004. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Monadjem, A.; Racey, P. A.; Amr, Z. S. S.; Fahr, J.; Palmeirim, J.; Benda, P.; Bates, P.; Aulagnier, S. et al. (2017). "Taphozous nudiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T21462A22109884.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21462/22109884. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Walston, J. (2019). "Taphozous theobaldi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21465A22109663.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21465/22109663. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Armstrong, K. N.; Reardon, T. B.; Woinarski, J. C. Z.; Burbidge, A. A. (2021). "Taphozous troughtoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T21466A209539933.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21466/209539933. 

Sources

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