Biology:List of extinct cycad genera

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Numerous genera of extinct cycads are known, dating variously to geological periods from the Permian to the Cretaceous.[1]

Alphabetical list

  • Amuriella Late Jurassic, Russian Far East (leaf fragments)
  • Androstrobus Triassic to Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
  • Antarcticycas Middle Triassic, Antarctica (known from the whole plant)[2]
  • ?Anthrophyopsis Late Triassic, worldwide (leaf form genus, possibly a pteridospermatophyte)[3]
  • Apoldia Triassic-Jurassic, Europe
  • Archaeocycas Early Permian, Texas (leaf with sporophylls)
  • Aricycas Late Triassic, Arizona (leaf form genus)
  • Beania (=Sphaereda), Triassic to Jurassic, Europe & Central Asia (leaf form genus)
  • Behuninia Late Jurassic, Colorado & Utah (fruiting structures)
  • Bucklandia Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Europe and India (leaf form genus)
  • Bureja Late Jurassic, Russia
  • Bjuvia Late Permian to Jurassic, Europe & North America[4]
  • Cavamonocolpites Early Cretaceous, Brazil (pollen)
  • Crossozamia Early to Late Permian, China (leaf form genus)
  • Ctenis Mesozoic-Paleogene, Worldwide (leaf form genus)
  • Ctenozamites Triassic-Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
  • Cycadenia Triassic, Pennsylvania (trunks)
  • Cycadinorachis Late Jurassic, India (rachis)
  • Fascisvarioxylon Late Jurassic, India (petrified wood)
  • Gymnovulites, Latest Cretaceous/earliest Paleocene, India (seed)
  • Heilungia, Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, Russia & Alaska (leaf form genus)
  • Leptocycas Late Triassic, North Carolina & China (known from the whole plant)[5]
  • Mesosingeria, Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Antarctica & Argentina (leaf form genus)
  • Michelilloa, Late Triassic, Argentina (stem)
  • ?Nikania, Early Cretaceous, Russia (leaf fragments)
  • ?Nilssonia, Middle Permian to Late Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus) (possibly not a cycad)[6]
  • ?Nilssoniocladus, Early to Late Cretaceous, United States & Russia (stems, likely associated with Nilssonia, possibly deciduous)[7]
  • Palaeozamia, Middle Jurassic, England
  • Paracycas, Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Europe and Central Asia
  • ?Phasmatocycas, Late Carboniferous to Early Permian, Kansas, Texas & New Mexico (leaf with sporophylls)[8]
  • Pleiotrichium, Late Cretaceous, Germany (leaf)
  • Pseudoctenis, Late Permian to Late Cretaceous, worldwide (leaf form genus)
  • Sarmatiella, Late Triassic, Ukraine
  • Stangerites, Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, Virginia and Mexico (leaf form genus)
  • Sueria, Early Cretaceous, Argentina (leaf)
  • Taeniopteris, Carboniferous to Cretaceous, worldwide (polyphyletic leaf form genus, also includes bennettitales and marattialean ferns)

References

  1. ↑ "PBDB". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55349. 
  2. ↑ Hermsen, Elizabeth J.; Taylor, Edith L.; Taylor, Thomas N. (January 2009). "Morphology and ecology of the Antarcticycas plant". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 153 (1–2): 108–123. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.07.005. Bibcode: 2009RPaPa.153..108H. 
  3. ↑ Xu, Yuanyuan; Popa, Mihai Emilian; Zhang, Tingshan; Lu, Ning; Zeng, Jianli; Zhang, Xiaoqing; Li, Liqin; Wang, Yongdong (2021-09-01). "Re-appraisal of Anthrophyopsis (Gymnospermae): New material from China and global fossil records". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 292. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104475. Bibcode: 2021RPaPa.29204475X. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666721000993. 
  4. ↑ Flores-Barragan, Miguel Angel; Velasco-de Leon, María Patricia (September 2021). "New records of Bjuvia and Nilssonia from the Permian of Mexico". Palaeontologia Electronica. https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/pdfs/1109.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Zhang, Jian-Wei; Yao, Jian-Xin; Chen, Jia-Rui; Li, Cheng-Sen (2010-05-25). "A new species of Leptocycas (Zamiaceae) from the Upper Triassic sediments of Liaoning Province, China". Journal of Systematics and Evolution 48 (4): 286–301. doi:10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00079.x. Bibcode: 2010JSyEv..48..286Z. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1759-6831.2010.00079.x. 
  6. ↑ Vajda, Vivi; Pucetaite, Milda; McLoughlin, Stephen; Engdahl, Anders; Heimdal, Jimmy; Uvdal, Per (August 2017). "Molecular signatures of fossil leaves provide unexpected new evidence for extinct plant relationships". Nature Ecology & Evolution 1 (8): 1093–1099. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0224-5. PMID 29046567. Bibcode: 2017NatEE...1.1093V. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0224-5. 
  7. ↑ Spicer, Robert A.; Herman, Alexey B. (1996-05-01). "Nilssoniocladus in the Cretaceous Arctic: new species and biological insights". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 92 (3): 229–243. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(95)00111-5. Bibcode: 1996RPaPa..92..229S. 
  8. ↑ Axsmith, Brian J.; Serbet, Rudolph; Krings, Michael; Taylor, Thomas N.; Taylor, Edith L.; Mamay, Sergius H. (2003). "The Enigmatic Paleozoic plants Spermopteris and Phasmatocycas reconsidered". American Journal of Botany 90 (11): 1585–1595. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.11.1585. PMID 21653333. Bibcode: 2003AmJB...90.1585A. https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3732/ajb.90.11.1585. 



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