Biology:List of hornbills

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Hornbills are birds in the families Bucerotidae and Bucorvidae. There are currently 62 extant species of hornbills recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union, two in Bucorvidae and 60 in Bucerotidae.[1] Many species of fossil hornbills are known from the Miocene onwards; however, their exact number and taxonomy are unsettled due to ongoing discoveries.

Conventions

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the hornbill's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IOC World Bird List for that species unless otherwise noted. Population estimates are of the number of mature individuals and are taken from the IUCN Red List.

This list follows the taxonomic treatment (designation and order of species) and nomenclature (scientific and common names) of version 13.2 of the IOC World Bird List.[1] Where the taxonomy proposed by the IOC World Bird List conflicts with the taxonomy followed by the IUCN[lower-alpha 1] or the 2023 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World,[3] the disagreement is noted next to the species's common name (for nomenclatural disagreements) or scientific name (for taxonomic disagreements).

Classification

The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) recognises 62 species of hornbills in across two families and fifteen genera.[1] This list does not include hybrid species, extinct prehistoric species, or putative species not yet accepted by the IOU.

Hornbills

Bucorvidae

Genus BucorvusLesson, 1830 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Abyssinian ground hornbill

B. abyssinicus
(Boddaert, 1783)
Africa  VU 


Unknown Population declining[4]

Southern ground hornbill

B. leadbeateri
(Vigors, 1825)
Southern and East Africa
Map of range
 VU 


Unknown Population steady[5]

Bucerotidae

Genus TockusLesson, R. P., 1830 – 10 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Tanzanian red-billed hornbill

T. ruahae
Kemp and Delport, 2002
Central Tanzania  NE 


Unknown {{{direction}}}

Western red-billed hornbill

T. kempi
Tréca & Érard, 2000
West Africa  NE 


Unknown {{{direction}}}

Damara red-billed hornbill

T. damarensis
(Shelley, 1888)
Southern Africa  LC 


Unknown Population steady[6]

Southern red-billed hornbill

T. rufirostris
(Sundevall, 1850)
Southern Africa  NE 


Unknown {{{direction}}}

Northern red-billed hornbill

T. erythrorhynchus
(Temminck, 1823)
Africa
Map of range
 NE 


Unknown {{{direction}}}

Monteiro's hornbill

T. monteiri
Hartlaub, 1865
Angola and Namibia
Map of range
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[7]

Von der Decken's hornbill

T. deckeni
(Cabanis, 1868)
East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[8]

Jackson's hornbill

T. jacksoni
(Ogilvie-Grant, 1891)
East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[9]

Southern yellow-billed hornbill

T. leucomelas
(Lichtenstein, M. H. C., 1842)

Southern Africa
Map of range
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[10]

Eastern yellow-billed hornbill

T. flavirostris
(Rüppell, 1835)
East Africa
Map of range
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[11]

Genus LophocerosHemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833 – 8 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Bradfield's hornbill

L. bradfieldi
(Roberts, 1930)
Southern Africa
Map of range
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[12]

Crowned hornbill

L. alboterminatus
Büttikofer, 1889
Africa
Map of range
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[13]

West African pied hornbill

L. semifasciatus
(Hartlaub, 1855)
West Africa  LC 


Unknown Template:Population change unknown[14]

Congo pied hornbill L. fasciatus
(Shaw, 1812)
Central Africa  LC 


Unknown Template:Population change unknown[15]

Hemprich's hornbill

L. hemprichii
(Ehrenberg, 1833)
East Africa
Map of range
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[16]

African grey hornbill

L. nasutus
(Linnaeus, 1766)

Africa
Map of range
 LC 


Unknown Population steady[17]

Red-billed dwarf hornbill

L. camurus
(Cassin, 1857)
East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[18]

Pale-billed hornbill

L. pallidirostris
(Hartlaub and Finsch, 1870)

Southern Africa
Map of range
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[19]

Genus BycanistesCabanis and Heine, 1860 – 6 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Piping hornbill

B. fistulator
(Cassin, 1850)

West and Central Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[20]

Trumpeter hornbill

B. bucinator
(Temminck, 1824)
Southern and East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[21]

Brown-cheeked hornbill

B. cylindricus
(Temminck, 1831)
West Africa  VU 


Unknown Population declining[22]

White-thighed hornbill

B. albotibialis
(Cassin and Reichenow, 1877)
Central Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[23]

Black-and-white-casqued hornbill

B. subcylindricus
(Sclater, P. L., 1871)

Central and West Africa  LC 


Unknown Template:Population change unknown[24]

Silvery-cheeked hornbill

B. brevis
Friedmann, 1929
East Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[25]

Genus CeratogymnaBonaparte, 1854 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Black-casqued hornbill

C. atrata
(Temminck, 1835)
West and Central Africa  VU 


8,000–9,000 Population declining[26]

Yellow-casqued hornbill

C. elata
(Temminck, 1831)
West and Central Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[27]

Genus HorizocerusOberholser, 1899 – 2 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Black dwarf hornbill

H. hartlaubi
(Gould, 1861)

Central and West Africa
Map of range
 LC 


Unknown Population declining[28]

White-crested hornbill

H. albocristatus
(Cassin, 1848)

Central and West Africa  LC 


Unknown Population declining[29]

Genus BerenicornisBonaparte, 1850 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
White-crowned hornbill

B. comatus
(Raffles, 1822)
Southeast Asia  EN 


Unknown Population declining[30]

Genus BucerosLinnaeus, 1758 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Rhinoceros hornbill

B. rhinoceros
Linnaeus, 1758

Southeast Asia  VU 


Unknown Population declining[31]

Great hornbill

B. bicornis
Linnaeus, 1758
South and Southeast Asia  VU 


13,000–27,000 Population declining[32]

Rufous hornbill

B. hydrocorax
Linnaeus, 1766

Philippines  VU 


Unknown Population declining[33][34]

Genus RhinoplaxGloger, 1841 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Helmeted hornbill

R. vigil
(Pennant, 1781)
Southeast Asia  CR 


Unknown Population declining[35]

Genus AnthracocerosReichenbach, 1849 – 5 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Palawan hornbill

A. marchei
Oustalet, 1885
Palawan and surrounding islands  VU 


2,500–9,999 Population declining[36]

Oriental pied hornbill

A. albirostris
(Shaw, 1808)

South and Southeast Asia  LC 


Unknown Population steady[37]

Malabar pied hornbill

A. coronatus
(Boddaert, 1783)
India and Sri Lanka  NT 


Unknown Population declining[38]

Sulu hornbill

A. montani
(Oustalet, 1880)
Sulu Archipelago  CR 


1–49 Population declining[39]

Black hornbill

A. malayanus
(Raffles, 1822)
Southeast Asia  VU 


Unknown Population declining[40]

Genus OcycerosHume, 1873 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Malabar grey hornbill

O. griseus
(Latham, 1790)
Southwestern India  VU 


Unknown Population declining[41]

Sri Lanka grey hornbill

O. gingalensis
(Shaw, 1812)
Sri Lanka  LC 


Unknown Population steady[42]

Indian grey hornbill

O. birostris
(Scopoli, 1786)
India and Nepal  LC 


Unknown Population steady[43]

Genus AnorrhinusReichenbach, 1849 – 3 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Tickell's brown hornbill

A. tickelli
(Blyth, 1855)
Myanmar and Thailand  NT 


2,500–9,999 Population declining[44]

Austen's brown hornbill

A. austeni
Jerdon, 1872
Indochina  NT 


Unknown Population declining[45]

Bushy-crested hornbill

A. galeritus
(Temminck, 1831)
Southeast India  NT 


Unknown Population declining[46]

Genus AcerosHodgson, 1844 – 1 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Rufous-necked hornbill

A. nipalensis
(Vigors, 1825)
Northwest India and Indochina  VU 


7,000–10,000 Population declining[47]

Genus RhyticerosReichenbach, 1849 – 6 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Blyth's hornbill

R. plicatus
(Pennant, 1781)
Moluccas and Oceania  VU 


Unknown Population declining[48]

Narcondam hornbill

R. narcondami
Hume, 1873
Narcondam Island  VU 


300–650 Population steady[49]

Wreathed hornbill

R. undulatus
(Shaw, 1811)
South and Southeast Asia  VU 


Unknown Population declining[50]

Sumba hornbill

R. everetti
Rothschild, 1898
Sumba Island  VU 


1,000–2,000 Population declining[51]

Plain-pouched hornbill

R. subruficollis
(Blyth, 1843)
Southeast Asia  VU 


1,500–7,000 Population declining[52]

Knobbed hornbill

R. cassidix
(Temminck, 1823)
Sulawesi and surrounding islands  VU 


Unknown Population declining[53]

Genus RhabdotorrhinusMeyer, A. B. and Wiglesworth, 1898 – 4 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Walden's hornbill

R. waldeni
(Sharpe, 1877)
Panay and Negros  CR 


1,000–2,499 Population declining[54]

Writhed hornbill

R. leucocephalus
(Vieillot, 1816)
Mindanao  NT 


Unknown Population declining[55]

Sulawesi hornbill

R. exarhatus
(Temminck, 1823)

Sulawesi  VU 


Unknown Population declining[56]

Wrinkled hornbill

R. corrugatus
(Temminck, 1832)
Southeast Asia  EN 


Unknown Population declining[57]

Genus PenelopidesReichenbach, 1849 – 5 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range IUCN status and estimated population
Luzon hornbill

P. manillae
(Boddaert, 1783)

Luzon and surrounding islands  LC 


Unknown Population declining[58]

Mindoro hornbill

P. mindorensis
Steere, 1890
Mindoro  EN 


250–999 Population declining[59]

Mindanao hornbill

P. affinis
Tweeddale, 1877

Mindanao and surrounding islands  LC 


Unknown Population declining[60]

Samar hornbill P. corrugatus
Steere, 1890
Eastern Visayas  NE 


Unknown {{{direction}}}

Visayan hornbill

P. panini
(Boddaert, 1783)

Western Visayas  EN 


1,200 Population declining[61]

Notes

  1. The IUCN follows the taxonomy proposed by the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist.[2]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Mousebirds, cuckoo roller, trogons, hoopoes, hornbills". July 2023. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/mousebirds/. 
  2. "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7". HBW and BirdLife International. 2022. http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/taxonomy. 
  3. Clements, James F.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, Denis; Billerman, S. M.; Sullivan, B. L. et al. (2022). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022". https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/. 
  4. BirdLife International (2018). "Bucorvus abyssinicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22682632A132204438. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682632A132204438.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682632/132204438. Retrieved 19 November 2021. 
  5. BirdLife International (2016). "Bucorvus leadbeateri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682638A92955067. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682638A92955067.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682638/92955067. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  6. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus damarensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22725940A94906853. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725940A94906853.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22725940/94906853. Retrieved 7 September 2023. 
  7. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus monteiri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682367A92942465. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682367A92942465.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682367/92942465. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  8. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus deckeni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682392A92943252. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682392A92943252.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682392/92943252. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  9. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus jacksoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682388A92943069. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682388A92943069.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682388/92943069. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  10. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus leucomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682384A92942849. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682384A92942849.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682384/92942849. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  11. BirdLife International (2016). "Tockus flavirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682379A92942633. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682379A92942633.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682379/92942633. Retrieved 13 November 2021. 
  12. BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros bradfieldi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682400A92943713. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682400A92943713.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682400/92943713. Retrieved 11 November 2021. 
  13. BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros alboterminatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682396A92943440. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682396A92943440.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682396/92943440. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  14. BirdLife International (2017). "Lophoceros semifasciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T61612971A118859362. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T61612971A118859362.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61612971/118859362. Retrieved 16 July 2023. 
  15. BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros fasciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T61612961A95171708. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61612961A95171708.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61612961/95171708. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  16. BirdLife International (2018). "Lophoceros hemprichii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22682409A130080934. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682409A130080934.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682409/130080934. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  17. BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682413A92944101. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682413A92944101.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682413/92944101. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  18. BirdLife International (2018). "Lophoceros camurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22682363A130080398. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682363A130080398.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682363/130080398. Retrieved 13 November 2021. 
  19. BirdLife International (2016). "Lophoceros pallidirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682417A92944515. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682417A92944515.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682417/92944515. Retrieved 11 November 2021. 
  20. BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes fistulator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22725962A132234122. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22725962A132234122.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22725962/132234122. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  21. BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes bucinator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22682548A130081383. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682548A130081383.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682548/130081383. Retrieved 13 November 2021. 
  22. BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes cylindricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22682585A129918692. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682585A129918692.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682585/129918692. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  23. BirdLife International (2016). "Bycanistes albotibialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682609A92953893. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682609A92953893.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682609/92953893. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  24. BirdLife International (2017). "Bycanistes subcylindricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22682577A111897019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22682577A111897019.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682577/111897019. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  25. BirdLife International (2018). "Bycanistes brevis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22682570A130081772. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682570A130081772.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682570/130081772. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  26. BirdLife International (2016). "Ceratogymna atrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682621A92954110. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682621A92954110.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682621/92954110. Retrieved 11 November 2021. 
  27. BirdLife International (2016). "Ceratogymna elata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682627A92954374. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682627A92954374.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682627/92954374. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  28. BirdLife International (2016). "Horizocerus hartlaubi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22727003A94938049. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22727003A94938049.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22727003/94938049. Retrieved 13 November 2021. 
  29. BirdLife International (2016). "Horizocerus albocristatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22725946A94907044. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22725946A94907044.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22725946/94907044. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  30. BirdLife International (2018). "Berenicornis comatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22682507A132272549. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682507A132272549.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682507/132272549. Retrieved 15 November 2021. 
  31. BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros rhinoceros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22682450A184960407. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682450A184960407.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682450/184960407. Retrieved 18 November 2021. 
  32. BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros bicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22682453A184603863. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682453A184603863.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682453/184603863. Retrieved 18 January 2022. 
  33. BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros hydrocorax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22727019A184595905. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22727019A184595905.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22727019/184595905. Retrieved 18 January 2022. 
  34. BirdLife International (2020). "Buceros mindanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22727029A184597693. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22727029A184597693.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22727029/184597693. Retrieved 18 January 2022. 
  35. BirdLife International (2020). "Rhinoplax vigil". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22682464A184587039. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682464A184587039.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682464/184587039. Retrieved 19 November 2021. 
  36. BirdLife International (2016). "Anthracoceros marchei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682444A92946182. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682444A92946182.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682444/92946182. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  37. BirdLife International (2020). "Anthracoceros albirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22682437A184925767. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682437A184925767.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682437/184925767. Retrieved 26 January 2022. 
  38. BirdLife International (2016). "Anthracoceros coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22682433A92945240. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682433A92945240.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682433/92945240. Retrieved 13 November 2021. 
  39. BirdLife International (2020). "Anthracoceros montani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22682447A178062684. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682447A178062684.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682447/178062684. Retrieved 12 November 2021. 
  40. BirdLife International (2018). "Anthracoceros malayanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22682441A132372259. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22682441A132372259.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22682441/132372259. Retrieved 18 November 2021. 
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