Biology:List of horseshoe bats
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Horseshoe bats are bats in the family Rhinolophidae, which is in the superfamily Rhinolophoidea. All extant horseshoe bats are in the genus Rhinolophus. There is one extinct genus of horseshoe bats, Palaeonycteris. As of 2019, there were 106 described species in Rhinolophus, making it the second-most speciose genus of bat after Myotis.[1]
Conventions
Conservation statuses listed for each species follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. The 
symbol indicates that the species's population trend is positive, the 
symbol indicates that the species's population trend is negative, the 
symbol indicates that the species's population is stable, and the 
symbol indicates that the species's population trend is unknown. Population trends are based on the Red List of Threatened Species. The super-scripted "IUCN" tag is a link to that species's Red List of Threatened Species page. If a species has taxonomic synonyms, a list of these is provided in the "Scientific name" column, underneath the binomial name and author. If a species has subspecies, a list of these is provided in the "Common name" column, underneath the common name.
Palaeonycteris
- † Palaeonycteris robustus: known only from fossils.[2]
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus can be informally divided into two clades: the predominantly African clade and the predominantly Oriental clade.[3]
African clade
Subgenus Rhinolophus
| Subgenus Rhinolophus – 8 species groups,[lower-alpha 1] 38 species | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species group R. adami – 2 species
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Species group R. capensis – 6 species
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Species group R. euryale – 2 species
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Species group R. ferrumquinum – 10 species
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Species group R. fumigatus – 2 species
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Species group R. hildebrandtii – 5 species
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Species group R. landeri – 5 species
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Species group R. maclaudi – 6 species
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Oriental clade
Subgenus Aquias
| Subgenus Aquias – 1 species group, 9 species | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species group R. trifoliatus – 9 species
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Subgenus Phyllorhina
| Subgenus Phyllorhina – 1 species group, 1 species | ||||||||||||||
Species group R. hipposideros – 1 species
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Subgenus Indorhinolophus
| Subgenus Indorhinolophus – 1 species group, 4 species | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species group R. rouxi – 4 species
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Subgenus Coelophyllus
| Subgenus Coelophyllus – 2 species groups, 17 species | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species group R. pearsonii – 4 species
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Species group R. euryotis – 13 species
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Subgenus Rhinophyllotis
| Subgenus Rhinophyllotis – 3 species groups, 31 species | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Species group R. megaphyllus – 12 species
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Species group R. philippinensis – 7 species
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Species group R. pusillus – 12 species
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Incertae sedis
Several taxa are of uncertain placement, or incertae sedis
incertae sedis – 4 species
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Notes
- ↑ Csorba et al. described 7 species groups with R. hildebrandtii species included in R. fumigatus species group;[4] Taylor et al. by describing 4 new species separated R. hildebrandtii species group from R. fumigatus species group[5]
- ↑ R. d. denti from Namibia and Zimbabwe to the Cape Province, R. d. knorri in Guinea, Ivory Coast, and Ghana[12]
- ↑ R. s. simulator in eastern Africa from Ethiopia to Natal, R. s. alticolis in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Cameroon[13]
- ↑ R. e. euryale in northwestern Africa, southern Europe to east to Turkmenistan and Iran; Mediterranean Islands; R. e. judaicus from Syria and south Iraq to Israel.[16]
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Unidentifiable name.
- ↑ R. m. mehelyiin Europe and Western Asia; R. m. tuneti in northern Africa[17]
- ↑ R. c. clivosus in Yemen and Saudi Arabia; R. m. brachygnathus from Egypt and Israel to northeastern Libya and northern Sudan; R. c. schwartzi in southeastern Algeria and southwestern Libya; R. c. acrotis in Ethiopia, most of central and southern Sudan, Somalia; R. c. keniensis in southeastern Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, northern Tanzania; R. c. zuluensis in coastal South Africa; R. c. augur in southern Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and northern South Africa.[19]
- ↑ R. f. ferrumequinum in Europe and northwestern Africa; R. f. creticum in Crete; R. f. irani in Iraq, Iran, and Turkmenistan; R. f. proximus from Afghanistan and Uzbekistan east to Kashmir; R. f. tragatus from northern India to eastern China; R. f. korai in Korea; R. f. nippon in Japan and eastern China.[23]
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 nomen nudum
- ↑ Renaming of R. unihastatus homorodalmasiensis (Daday, 1885)
- ↑ A recent split from R. clivosis [28]
- ↑ R. e. eloquens from Southern Sudan to eastern Zaire and northern Tanzania, Pemba and Zanzibar; R. e. perauritus in southern Somalia.[30]
- ↑ R. f. fumigatus in Ethiopia; R. f. exsul from central Sudan to Tanzania; R. f. abae in northeastern Zaire; R. f. foxi from Central African Republic to Burkina Faso; R. f. diversus in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, and Senegal; R. f. aethiops from Zambia and Angole to the Cape Province, South Africa.[31]
- ↑ R. b. blasii in northwestern Africa, southern Europe and southwestern Asia; R. b. meyeroehmi in Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan; R. b. andreinii in Ethiopia and Somalia; R. b. empusa in southeastern Africa from southern Zaire to Transvaal.[34]
- ↑ R. l. landeri from Gambia to Cameroon and south to the mouth of the Congo river; R. l. angolensis in western Angolan and perhaps Namibia.[36]
- ↑ R. b. beddomei in southern India; R. b. sobrinus in Sri Lanka.[41]
- ↑ R. l. luctus in southern Sumatra, Java, Bali; R. l. spurcus in Hainan, China; R. l. foetidus in Borneo.[44]
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 A recent split from R. luctus [28]
- ↑ R. t. trifoliatus in Sumatra, Java, and Borneo; R. t. edax from northeastern India, Thailand through the Malay Peninsula; R. t. niasensis in Nias; R. t. solitarius in Bangka.[51]
- ↑ R. f. francisi in Malaysia; R. f. thailandicus in Thailand.[52]
- ↑ R. h. hipposideros in Continental Europe to the eastern end of Black Sea; R. h. escalerae in north Africa; R. h. minimus from southern Europe to the eastern end of Mediterranean, including several islands and south to Ethiopia and Sudan; R. h. majori in Corsica; R. h. minutus in Britain and Ireland; R. h. midas from Transcaucasia and Iraq to Kazakhstan and Kashmir.[53]
- ↑ Preoccupied by Vespertilio molossus minor Kerr,1792
- ↑ Renaming of R. bihastatus kisnyiresiensis Daday, 1885
- ↑ Not of R. intermedius Söderland, 1920
- ↑ R. r. rouxii in peninsular India and southern Myanmar; R. r. rubidus in Sri Lanka.[54]
- ↑ Error for R. rubidus Kelaart, 1850
- ↑ R. s. sinicus in the Himalayas, northern Vietnam, southeastern China, and Sichuan; R. s. septentrionalis in Yunnan.[56]
- ↑ A recent split from R. yunanensis [28]
- ↑ R. a. arcuatus in northern Philippines; R. a. beccarii in Sumatra; R. a. exiguus in southern Philippines; R. a. toxopei in Buru and Ambon; R. a. angustifolius in Wettar, Southwest Island, and Flores Sea.[62]
- ↑ R. c. canuti in Java; R. c. timorensis in Timor.[64]
- ↑ R. c. creaghi in Borneo; R. c. pilosus in Madura.[66]
- ↑ R. e. euryotis from Seram Island to Tanimbar Islands; R. e. timidus from northern Moluccas through New Guinea to the Bismarcks; R. e. burius in Buru; R. e. praestans in Kai Islands; R. e. aruensis in Aru Islands. [67]
- ↑ R. s. subrufus in northern and central Philippines; R. s. bunkeri in Mindanao.[72]
- ↑ Preoccupied by R. rufus Eydoux & Gervais, 1836
- ↑ R. a. affinis in Java; R. a. himalayanus in northern India and Nepal across northern Myanmar to southwestern China; R. a. macrurus in southeastern China through Vietnam and Thailand to southeastern Myanmar; R. a. hainanus in Hainan Island; R. a. tener in southwestern Myanmar; R. a. superans in Malay Peninsula and in Sumatra and Mentawai Islands; R. a. nesites on Anamba and North Natuna Islands; R. a. princeps in Lombok, Sumbawa, and Sumba.[74]
- ↑ R. b. borneensis in Borneo; R. b. chaseni in Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and Malaysia; R. b. importunus in Java; R. b. spadix in South Natuna and Karimata.[76]
- ↑ R. c. celebensis in Sulawesi; R. c. javanicus in Java and Bali; R. c. parvus in Timor.[77]
- ↑ Replacement name for R. robinsoni siamensis McFarlane & Blood 1986[79]
- ↑ R. m. megaphyllus in eastern Australia; R. m. simplex from Lombok to Komodo; R. m. fallax in southeastern New Guinea and D'Entrecasteaux Islands; R. m. monachus in Louisiades; R. m. vandeuseni in northeastern New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago; R. m. truncatus in Bacan Islands; R. m. nanus on Seram and nearby islands; R. m. annectens on Wetar; R. m. robinsoni in Malay Peninsula; R. m. thaianus in northern Thailand.[80]
- ↑ R. s. stheno in Java, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Thailand south of the Isthmus of Kra; R. s. microglobosus in Thailand north of the Isthmus of Kra, Laos and Vietnam.[83]
- ↑ R. m. macrotis in Nepal and India; R. m. episcopus in Sichuan, China; R. m. caldwelli in southeastern China and Vietnam; R. m. dohrni in Sumatra and Malaysia; R. m. hirsutus in the Philippines; R. m. topali in Pakistan.[85]
- ↑ R. p. sanborni in Borneo; R. p. alleni in Mindoro; R. p. philippinensis on the remaining Philippines islands; R. p. maros in Sulawesi and New Guinea; R. p. achilles on Kai Islands; R. p. robertsi in northeastern Queensland. [89]
- ↑ R. a. acuminatus in Java; R. a. sumatranus in Sumatra and Borneo; R. a. circe on Nias Island; R. a. calypso on Enggano Island; R. a. audax in Bali and Lombok.[93]
- ↑ R. c. cognatus on south Andaman; R. c. famulus on north Andaman.[96]
- ↑ R. c. cornutus on the main islands of Japan; R. c. pumilus on Okinawa; R. c. miyakonis on Miyako-jima; R. c. orii on Amami Ōshima and Tokunoshima.[99]
- ↑ R. l. lepidus in central and northeastern India; R. l. monticola in Afghanistan and northwestern India; R. l. feae in northern Myanmar and northern Thailand; R. l. refulgens in Malay Peninsula; R. l. cuneatus in Sumatra.[103]
- ↑ R. p. pusillus in Java and Borneo; R. p. blythi in northwestern India; R. p. gracilis in southern India; R. p. szechuanus in northeastern India, Myanmar, southwestern China and Thailand; R. p. calidus in eastern China; R. p. parcus in Hainan; R. p. minutillus in Malay Peninsula and Anambas; R. p. pagi on Mentawai Islands.[103]
- ↑ Preoccupied by Vespertilio ferrumequinum minor Kerr, 1792
- ↑ Preoccupeid by Vespertilio ferrumequinum minitus Montagu, 1808
- ↑ Replacement name for R. minutus Miller, 1900
References
- ↑ Demos et al. 2019.
- ↑ Lydekker 1885.
- ↑ Stoffberg et al. 2010.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. xvi.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Taylor et al. 2012.
- ↑ Aellen & Brosset 1968.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 4.
- ↑ Kock et al. 2000.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 5.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Bogdanowicz 1992.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 7.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 9.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 10.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 12.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Taylor et al. 2018.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 14.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 17.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 34.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 35.
- ↑ Jacobs et al. 2013.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 39.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 41.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 42.
- ↑ Koopman 1989, pp. 4-5.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Cotterill 2002.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 132.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 46.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Taylor 2019, p. 365.
- ↑ Benda & Vallo 2012.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 47.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Csorba et al. 2003, pp. 48-49.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 51.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 55.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 57.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 59.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 61.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 Fahr et al. 2002.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 63.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 65.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 Kerbis Peterhans et al. 2013.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 122.
- ↑ Andersen 1905, p. 253.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 123.
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 125.
- ↑ "Explore the Database". https://www.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html#species-id=1004703.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Volleth et al. 2015.
- ↑ Volleth et al. 2017.
- ↑ "Explore the Database". https://www.mammaldiversity.org/explore.html#species-id=1004726.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 127.
- ↑ Soisook et al. 2010.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 128.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 Soisook et al. 2015.
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 53.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 115.
- ↑ Chattopadhyay et al. 2012, p. 115.
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 118.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 120.
- ↑ Yoshiyuki & Lim 2005.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 82.
- ↑ Wu et al. 2009.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 84.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 18.
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 Patrick et al. 2013.
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 21.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 23.
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 24.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 26.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 28.
- ↑ Hill & Schlitter 1982.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 29.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 31.
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 32.
- ↑ Bergmans & Rozendaal 1982.
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 66.
- ↑ Srinivasulu et al. 2019.
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 69.
- ↑ 77.0 77.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 71.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 73.
- ↑ Corbet & Hill 1992, p. 101.
- ↑ 80.0 80.1 Csorba et al. 2003, pp. 74-75.
- ↑ Gray 1834.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, pp. 77.
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 78.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 80.
- ↑ 85.0 85.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 85.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 88.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 90.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 91.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, pp. 92-93.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 92.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 95.
- ↑ Wu & Thong 2011.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, pp. 96-97.
- ↑ Peters 1871.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 96.
- ↑ 96.0 96.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 98.
- ↑ Csorba 1997.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 100.
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 101.
- ↑ Hill & Yoshiyuki 1980.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 103.
- ↑ 102.0 102.1 Wu et al. 2012.
- ↑ 103.0 103.1 103.2 Csorba et al. 2003, p. 104.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 107.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 108.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 110.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 113.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 114.
- ↑ Csorba et al. 2003, p. 130.
- ↑ Wu et al. 2008.
- ↑ Zhou et al. 2009.
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