Biology:Lysimachia borealis
| Lysimachia borealis | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Primulaceae |
| Genus: | Lysimachia |
| Species: | L. borealis
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| Binomial name | |
| Lysimachia borealis (Raf.) U.Manns & Anderb.
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| Synonyms[3] | |
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Lysimachia borealis (synonym Trientalis borealis), the starflower, is a North American woodland perennial that blooms between May and June.[4][5]
Description
Starflowers have creeping rhizomes with 5–20 cm (2.0–7.9 in) vertical stalks. Each stalk has a whorl of 5–10 lanceolate leaves (up to 8 centimetres or 3.1 inches long) at its tip, with one to four (most often one or two) white flowers on smaller stalks extending from the center of the whorl. The flowers are about 15 mm (1⁄2 in) across and consist of five to nine petals that form a star-like shape. Its fruit is tiny, globe-shaped, pale blue, and matte.[6][7]
Distribution and habitat
Lysimachia borealis is found from Canada to north-central and eastern United States. It is found in temperate climates.[8]
Taxonomy
Two subspecies are recognized by the U.S. Department of Agriculture:
- Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. borealis[9]
- Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. latifolia (Hook.) Hultén – broadleaf starflower[10]
Conservation status
Lysimachia borealis is considered to be of "least concern" overall according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature.[1] As of 2017, L. borealis is listed as endangered by Georgia and Kentucky and as threatened by Illinois and Tennessee.[11]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Maiz-Tome, L. (2016). "Trientalis borealis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T64326168A67731147. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64326168A67731147.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/64326168/67731147. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ↑ NatureServe (1 December 2023). "Trientalis borealis". Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.141286/Trientalis_borealis.
- ↑ "Lysimachia borealis (Raf.) U.Manns & Anderb.". Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. http://plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names::77100389-1.
- ↑ VASCAN, Canadensys
- ↑ "Trientalis borealis". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=TRBO2.
- ↑ Trientalis borealis Northern Starflower Retrieved 3 November 2017.
- ↑ Leboeuf, Michel (2016) (in fr). Arbres et plantes forestières du Québec et des Maritimes (Revised and augmented ed.). Canada: Éditions Michel Quintin. pp. 279. ISBN 978-2-89762-097-4.
- ↑ "Lysimachia borealis" (in en). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/77100389-1.
- ↑ USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team. "Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. borealis". United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=TRBOB.
- ↑ USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team. "Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. latifolia (Hook.) Hultén". United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=TRBOL.
- ↑ "Trientalis borealis Raf. ssp. borealis". USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=TRBOB.
- Northern Starflower, borealforest.org
- Wildflowers of Minnesota's Northwoods pamphlet, 1999, Minnesota DNR
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