Biology:MAPK4
 Generic protein structure example |
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK4 gene.[1][2]
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. Tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors activate mitogen-activated protein kinases which then translocate into the nucleus where it phosphorylates nuclear targets.[2]
The Arabidopsis MAPK4 is important in signalling [3]
Mechanistically, MAPK4 directly bound and activated AKT by phosphorylation of the activation loop at threonine 308. It also activated mTORC2 to phosphorylate AKT at serine 473 for full activation. MAPK4 overexpression induced oncogenic outcomes, including transforming prostate epithelial cells into anchorage-independent growth, and MAPK4 knockdown inhibited cancer cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and xenograft growth.[4]
References
- ↑ "Genomic loci of human mitogen-activated protein kinases". Oncogene 9 (2): 647–9. February 1994. PMID 8290275.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: MAPK4 mitogen-activated protein kinase 4". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5596.
- ↑ "Arabidopsis map kinase 4 negatively regulates systemic acquired resistance". Cell 103 (7): 1111–20. December 2000. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00213-0. PMID 11163186.
- ↑ "MAPK4 overexpression promotes tumor progression via noncanonical activation of AKT/mTOR signaling". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 129 (3): 1015–1029. March 2019. doi:10.1172/JCI97712. PMID 30688659.
Further reading
- "The MAPK signaling cascade". FASEB Journal 9 (9): 726–35. June 1995. doi:10.1096/fasebj.9.9.7601337. PMID 7601337.
- "Transcriptional regulation by MAP kinases". Molecular Reproduction and Development 42 (4): 459–67. December 1995. doi:10.1002/mrd.1080420414. PMID 8607977.
- "Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways". Current Opinion in Cell Biology 9 (2): 180–6. April 1997. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(97)80061-0. PMID 9069255.
- "Heterogeneous expression of four MAP kinase isoforms in human tissues". FEBS Letters 304 (2–3): 170–8. June 1992. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80612-K. PMID 1319925.
- "Cloning and characterization of p97MAPK, a novel human homolog of rat ERK-3". Molecular and Cellular Biology 14 (12): 8202–11. December 1994. doi:10.1128/mcb.14.12.8202. PMID 7969157.
- "gp120-mediated induction of the MAPK cascade is dependent on the activation state of CD4(+) lymphocytes". Blood 100 (7): 2546–53. October 2002. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-03-0819. PMID 12239168.
- "Identification of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 as a new interaction partner of cyclin D3". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 340 (1): 209–14. February 2006. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.003. PMID 16360641.
- "Characterization of the atypical MAPK ERK4 and its activation of the MAPK-activated protein kinase MK5". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 (46): 35511–9. November 2006. doi:10.1074/jbc.M606693200. PMID 16973613.
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