Biology:MX2
From HandWiki
Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
 Generic protein structure example |
Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MX2 gene.[1][2][3]
The protein encoded by this gene has a nuclear and a cytoplasmic form and is a member of both the dynamin family and the family of large GTPases. The nuclear form is localized in a granular pattern in the heterochromatin region beneath the nuclear envelope. A nuclear localization signal (NLS) is present at the amino terminal end of the nuclear form but is lacking in the cytoplasmic form due to use of an alternate translation start codon.
Antiviral activity
This protein is upregulated by interferon-alpha but does not contain the antiviral activity of a similar myxovirus resistance protein 1.[3]
MX2/MXB has antiviral activity against HIV-1.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] MXB is also a restriction factor for herpesviruses, which acts at a very early stage of the replication cycle and MX2/MXB restriction of herpesvirus requires GTPase activity.[11][12][13][14]
References
- ↑ "cDNA structures and regulation of two interferon-induced human Mx proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biology 9 (11): 5062–72. November 1989. doi:10.1128/mcb.9.11.5062. PMID 2481229.
- ↑ "Human MxB protein, an interferon-alpha-inducible GTPase, contains a nuclear targeting signal and is localized in the heterochromatin region beneath the nuclear envelope". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (38): 23478–86. September 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.38.23478. PMID 8798556.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: MX2 myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 2 (mouse)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4600.
- ↑ "The interferon-inducible MxB protein inhibits HIV-1 infection". Cell Host & Microbe 14 (4): 398–410. October 2013. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.08.015. PMID 24055605.
- ↑ "MX2 is an interferon-induced inhibitor of HIV-1 infection". Nature 502 (7472): 563–6. October 2013. doi:10.1038/nature12653. PMID 24121441. Bibcode: 2013Natur.502..563K.
- ↑ "Human MX2 is an interferon-induced post-entry inhibitor of HIV-1 infection". Nature 502 (7472): 559–62. October 2013. doi:10.1038/nature12542. PMID 24048477. Bibcode: 2013Natur.502..559G.
- ↑ "CryoEM structure of MxB reveals a novel oligomerization interface critical for HIV restriction". Science Advances 3 (9). September 2017. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701264. PMID 28929138. Bibcode: 2017SciA....3E1264A.
- ↑ "Restriction Factors in HIV-1 Disease Progression". Current HIV Research 13 (6): 448–61. 2015. doi:10.2174/1570162x13666150608104412. PMID 26051387.
- ↑ "Mx GTPases: dynamin-like antiviral machines of innate immunity". Trends in Microbiology 23 (3): 154–63. March 2015. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2014.12.003. PMID 25572883.
- ↑ "Dodging the Host Interferon-Stimulated Gene Mediated Innate Immunity by HIV-1: A Brief Update on Intrinsic Mechanisms and Counter-Mechanisms". Frontiers in Immunology 12. 2021. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.716927. PMID 34394123.
- ↑ "MxB is an interferon-induced restriction factor of human herpesviruses". Nature Communications 9 (1). May 2018. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04379-2. PMID 29773792. Bibcode: 2018NatCo...9.1980C.
- ↑ "Human MxB Protein Is a Pan-herpesvirus Restriction Factor". Journal of Virology 92 (17): e01056–18, /jvi/92/17/e01056–18.atom. September 2018. doi:10.1128/JVI.01056-18. PMID 29950411.
- ↑ "MXB inhibits murine cytomegalovirus". Virology 522: 158–167. September 2018. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.017. PMID 30032029.
- ↑ "Human MX2/MxB: a Potent Interferon-Induced Postentry Inhibitor of Herpesviruses and HIV-1". Journal of Virology 92 (24): e00709–18, /jvi/92/24/e00709–18.atom. December 2018. doi:10.1128/JVI.00709-18. PMID 30258007.
Further reading
- "Cloning and sequence analyses of cDNAs for interferon- and virus-induced human Mx proteins reveal that they contain putative guanine nucleotide-binding sites: functional study of the corresponding gene promoter". Journal of Virology 64 (3): 1171–81. March 1990. doi:10.1128/JVI.64.3.1171-1181.1990. PMID 2154602.
- "cDNA cloning and assignment to chromosome 21 of IFI-78K gene, the human equivalent of murine Mx gene". Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics 14 (2): 123–31. March 1988. doi:10.1007/BF01534397. PMID 3162334.
- "Intracellular staining of Mx proteins in cells from peripheral blood, bone marrow and skin". Molecular Pathology 50 (1): 9–14. February 1997. doi:10.1136/mp.50.1.9. PMID 9208807.
- "Nuclear cotransport mechanism of cytoplasmic human MxB protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (51): 32353–9. December 1997. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.51.32353. PMID 9405443.
- "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 21". Nature 405 (6784): 311–9. May 2000. doi:10.1038/35012518. PMID 10830953. Bibcode: 2000Natur.405..311H. https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:8796.
- "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 (26): 16899–903. December 2002. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
- "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature 437 (7062): 1173–8. October 2005. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. Bibcode: 2005Natur.437.1173R.
- "Identification of differentially expressed genes in blood cells of narcolepsy patients". Sleep 30 (8): 974–9. August 2007. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.8.974. PMID 17702266.
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