Biology:Martinotti cell
| Martinotti cell | |
|---|---|
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
Martinotti cells are small multipolar neurons with short branching dendrites. They are scattered throughout various layers of the cerebral cortex, sending their axons up to the cortical layer I where they form axonal arborization. The arbors transgress multiple columns in layer VI and make contacts with the distal tuft dendrites of pyramidal cells.[1] Martinotti cells express somatostatin and sometimes calbindin, but not parvalbumin or vasoactive intestinal peptide.[2] Furthermore, Martinotti cells in layer V of mouse cortex have been shown to express the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α2 subunit (Chrna2), and preferably form reciprocal circuits with L5 extratelencephalic pyramidal neurons.[3] They are commonly considered a subset of somatostatin (SST)-expressing interneurons.[4]
Martinotti cells are associated with a cortical dampening mechanism.[5] When the pyramidal neuron, which is the most common type of neuron in the cortex, starts getting overexcited, Martinotti cells start sending inhibitory signals to the surrounding neurons. [6]
Historically, the discovery of Martinotti cells has been mistakenly attributed to Giovanni Martinotti 1888, although it is now accepted that they were actually discovered in 1889 by Carlo Martinotti (1859–1908), a student of Camillo Golgi.[7]
See also
- List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
References
- ↑ "Anatomical, physiological and molecular properties of Martinotti cells in the somatosensory cortex of the juvenile rat". J. Physiol. 561 (Pt 1): 65–90. November 2004. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.073353. PMID 15331670. PMC 1665344. http://www.jphysiol.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15331670.
- ↑ "Molecular taxonomy of major neuronal classes in the adult mouse forebrain". Nat. Neurosci. 9 (1): 99–107. January 2006. doi:10.1038/nn1618. PMID 16369481.
- ↑ Hilscher, Markus M.; Leão, Richardson N.; Edwards, Steven J.; Leão, Katarina E.; Kullander, Klas (2017-02-09). "Chrna2-Martinotti Cells Synchronize Layer 5 Type A Pyramidal Cells via Rebound Excitation". PLOS Biology 15 (2). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001392. ISSN 1545-7885. PMID 28182735.
- ↑ Gouwens, NW et al. (2020-11-12). "Integrated Morphoelectric and Transcriptomic Classification of Cortical GABAergic Cells". Cell 183 (4): 935–953.e19. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.057. PMID 33186530.
- ↑ Riedemann, T (17 June 2019). "Diversity and Function of Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Cerebral Cortex.". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 (12): 2952. doi:10.3390/ijms20122952. PMID 31212931.
- ↑ "Disynaptic inhibition between neocortical pyramidal cells mediated by Martinotti cells". Neuron 53 (5): 735–46. March 2007. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.012. PMID 17329212.
- ↑ Martinotti C (1889). "Contributo allo studio della corteccia cerebrale, ed all'origine centrale dei nervi". Ann. Freniatr. Sci. Affini. 1: 14–381.
External links
News, press releases
- Rare cell prevents rampant brain activity - on the discovery of potential dampening influence of Martinotti cells.
- NIF Search - Martinotti Cell via the Neuroscience Information Framework
 |  |
