Biology:Megapodagrionidae

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Megapodagrionidae is a family of damselflies.[1] Its members are commonly known as flatwings because they typically rest with their wings spread horizontally, unlike most damselflies.[2]

Megapodagrionidae was once a much larger family of damselflies. Modern research has shown that many of its former members belong in other families, leaving Megapodagrionidae restricted to three genera.[1][3]

Taxonomic history

Megapodagrionidae was historically a large and diverse family of damselflies containing numerous genera from the Neotropical, Afrotropical, Oriental and Oceanian regions.[4]

In a major revision of the family, Janis Rácenis (1959) divided Megapodagrionidae into five subfamilies: Tatocnemidinae, Megapodagrioninae, Argiolestinae, Philosininae and Dysagrioninae.[4] He further divided Megapodagrioninae into the tribes Megapodagrionini and Heteragrionini, and Argiolestinae into the tribes Austroargiolestini and Argiolestini.[4]

Subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies showed that Megapodagrionidae, as traditionally defined, was polyphyletic.[3] Several of the lineages recognised by Rácenis were elevated to family rank, and Megapodagrionidae was restricted to three genera.[1][3]

The concept of Megapodagrionidae originated from the Legion Podagrion of Edmond de Sélys Longchamps, a grouping of damselflies recognised by later authors including Robert McLachlan and Philip Powell Calvert. McLachlan (1896), for example, placed his new genus Mesopodagrion within the Legion Podagrion, while Calvert (1913) discussed the composition and venation of the group in detail.[5][6]

In 1917, Robin Tillyard reorganised the Zygoptera and elevated the "legions" of de Sélys to the rank of subfamilies, recognising Megapodagrioninae as a distinct subfamily within Agrionidae.[7] This treatment was subsequently adopted by later authors, including Kennedy (1920, 1925), who used Megapodagrioninae for taxa formerly placed in de Sélys' Legion Podagrion.[8][9] Megapodagrioninae was later recognised as the family Megapodagrionidae.[3]

Genera

The following genera are currently placed in Megapodagrionidae:[1]

  • Allopodagrion Förster, 1910
  • Megapodagrion Selys, 1885
  • Teinopodagrion De Marmels, 2001

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. https://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/world-odonata-list2/. 
  2. ↑ Theischinger, Günther; Hawking, John (2006). The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia. Collingwood, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 290. ISBN 978-0-64309-073-6. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.; Kalkman, Vincent J.; Dow, Rory A.; Stokvis, Frank R.; Van Tol, JAN (2014). "Redefining the damselfly families: A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata)". Systematic Entomology 39 (1): 68–96. doi:10.1111/syen.12035. Bibcode: 2014SysEn..39...68D. https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/634681. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Rácenis, Janis (1959). "Notas taxonómicas sobre la familia Megapodagrionidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) con la sinopsis de las especies venezolanas". Acta Biológica Venezuélica 2: 335–367. 
  5. ↑ McLachlan, Robert (1896). "On Odonata from the province Sichuan, in western China, and Moupin in Eastern Thibet". The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 6 17: 364–374 [372]. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18662263. 
  6. ↑ Calvert, Philip P. (1913). "The fossil odonate Phenacolestes with a discussion of the venation of the legion Podagrion Selys". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 65: 225–272. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6330773. 
  7. ↑ Tillyard, R.J. (1917). The biology of dragonflies (Odonata or Paraneuroptera). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 396 [278]. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.35170. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24948177. 
  8. ↑ Kennedy, C.H. (1920). "The phylogeny of the zygopterous dragonflies as based on the evidence of the penes". Ohio Journal of Science 21 (1): 19-29. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3747413. 
  9. ↑ Kennedy, Clarence Hamilton (1925). "New genera of Megapodagrioninae, with notes on the subfamily". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 67 (7): 289–312. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2798405. 

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