Biology:Megarhyssa macrurus
| Megarhyssa macrurus | |
|---|---|
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| Megarhyssa macrurus female | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Ichneumonidae |
| Subfamily: | Rhyssinae |
| Genus: | Megarhyssa |
| Species: | M. macrurus
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| Binomial name | |
| Megarhyssa macrurus (Linnaeus, 1771)
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Megarhyssa macrurus, also known as the long-tailed giant ichneumonid wasp[1] or long-tailed giant ichneumon wasp,[2] is a species of large ichneumon wasp.[3] It is a parasitoid, notable for its extremely long ovipositor which it uses to deposit an egg into a tunnel in dead wood bored by its host, the larva of a similarly large species of horntail.
Etymology
The specific epithet of macrurus is from the Greek words makrós (μακρός) meaning "long", and oùrá (οὐρά) meaning tail.[4]
Description
Megarhyssa macrurus has a reddish-brown body of up to 2 inches (51 mm) long.[5] It has black and yellow-orange stripes.[6] Its wings are transparent and the body elongated. The body and ovipositor together can be more than 5 inches (130 mm) long in the female. Males are smaller and have no ovipositor.[6]
The ovipositor
The ovipositor looks like a single filament, but it comprises three filaments, the middle one of which is the actual ovipositor, which is capable of drilling into wood. This central filament also appears to be a single filament, but is made of two parts, with a cutting edge at the tip. The two parts interlock and slide against each other.
Although very thin, the ovipositor is a tube and the egg being laid moves down a minute channel in its center. The outer two filaments are sheaths which protect the ovipositor; they arc out to the sides during egg-laying.[6]
Distribution
M. macrurus is found across the eastern half of the United States, reaching into the extreme south of Canada near the Great Lakes.[7]
Behaviour
M. macrurus is harmless to humans;[6][8] they are parasitoids on the larvae of the pigeon horntail (Tremex columba, Symphyta), which bore tunnels in decaying wood.[9] Female Megarhyssa macrurus are able to detect these larvae through the bark; they paralyse them and lay their eggs on the living but paralysed larva; within a couple of weeks the Megarhyssa larvae will have consumed their host and pupate, emerging as an adult the following summer.[6]
Subspecies
- M. m. icterosticta Michener, 1939
- M. m. lunator (Fabricius, 1781) - considered a synonym of M. m. macrurus by Carlson (1979)[10][12]
- M. m. macrurus (Linnaeus, 1771)
References
- ↑ Cresswell, Stephen (2020). "Megarhyssa macrurus, Long-tailed Giant Ichneumonid Wasp". http://www.americaninsects.net/hy/megarhyssa-macrurus.html.
- ↑ "Long-Tailed Giant Ichneumon Wasp". Missouri Department of Conservation. https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/long-tailed-giant-ichneumon-wasp.
- ↑ Ichneumonid wasp, Megarhyssa macrurus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Insectimages.org (2010-05-04). Retrieved on 2010-12-17.
- ↑ Species Megarhyssa macrurus. BugGuide.Net. Retrieved on 2010-12-17.
- ↑ "Giant Ichneumon Wasp: Long-tailed (Megarhyssa macrurus)". 2019. https://www.insectidentification.org/insect-description.php?identification=Giant-Ichneumon-Wasp-Megarhyssa-Macrurus.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Pigeon Tremex Horntail and the Giant Ichneumon Wasp. Ext.colostate.edu (2010-05-12). Retrieved on 2010-12-17.
- ↑ "Megarhyssa macrurus". Discover Life; Global Biodiversity Information Facility. http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20m?w=720&r=0.125&e=-90.00000&n=39.00000&z=0&kind=Megarhyssa+macrurus&la=39&lo=-90&mobile=1?416,188. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
- ↑ "Ichneumon wasp". Archived from the original on 2010-12-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20101210085728/http://insects.tamu.edu/fieldguide/cimg327.html. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ↑ Ichneumon wasp . Insects.tamu.edu. Retrieved on 2010-12-17.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Pook, Victoria; Sharkey, Michael; Wahl, David (2016-01-04). "Key to the species of Megarhyssa (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Rhyssinae) in America, north of Mexico" (in en). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (1): 137–148. doi:10.3897/dez.63.7619. ISSN 1860-1324. https://dez.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=7619.
- ↑ Essig Museum of Entomology Collections. Essigdb.berkeley.edu. Retrieved on 2010-12-17.
- ↑ Carlson, Robert W. (1979). "Family Ichneumonidae". Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. 1. Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 354–355. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4144148#page/335/mode/1up.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q6808833 entry
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