Biology:Monodomain model
The monodomain model is a reduction of the bidomain model of the electrical propagation in myocardial tissue. The reduction comes from assuming that the intra- and extracellular domains have equal anisotropy ratios. Although not as physiologically accurate as the bidomain model, it is still adequate in some cases, and has reduced complexity.[1]
Formulation
Being [math]\displaystyle{ \mathbb T }[/math] the domain boundary of the model, the monodomain model can be formulated as follows[2] [math]\displaystyle{ \frac{\lambda}{1+\lambda} \nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf\Sigma_i \nabla v \right) = \chi \left( C_m \frac{\partial v}{\partial t} + I_\text{ion} \right) \quad \quad \text{in }\mathbb T , }[/math]
where [math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf\Sigma_i }[/math] is the intracellular conductivity tensor, [math]\displaystyle{ v }[/math] is the transmembrane potential, [math]\displaystyle{ I_\text{ion} }[/math] is the transmembrane ionic current per unit area, [math]\displaystyle{ C_m }[/math] is the membrane capacitance per unit area, [math]\displaystyle{ \lambda }[/math] is the intra- to extracellular conductivity ratio, and [math]\displaystyle{ \chi }[/math] is the membrane surface area per unit volume (of tissue).[1]
Derivation
The monodomain model can be easily derived from the bidomain model. This last one can be written as[1] [math]\displaystyle{ \begin{align} \nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf\Sigma_i \nabla v \right) + \nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf\Sigma_i \nabla v_e \right) & = \chi \left( C_m \frac{\partial v}{\partial t} + I_\text{ion} \right) \\ \nabla \cdot \left( \mathbf\Sigma_i \nabla v \right) + \nabla \cdot \left( \left( \mathbf\Sigma_i + \mathbf\Sigma_e \right) \nabla v_e \right) & = 0 \end{align} }[/math]
Assuming equal anisotropy ratios, i.e. [math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf\Sigma_e = \lambda\mathbf\Sigma_i }[/math], the second equation can be written as[1] [math]\displaystyle{ \nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf\Sigma_i\nabla v_e\right) = -\frac{1}{1+\lambda}\nabla\cdot\left(\mathbf\Sigma_i\nabla v\right) . }[/math]
Then, inserting this into the first bidomain equation gives the unique equation of the monodomain model[1] [math]\displaystyle{ \frac{\lambda}{1+\lambda} \nabla \cdot \left(\mathbf\Sigma_i \nabla v \right) = \chi \left( C_m \frac{\partial v}{\partial t} + I_\text{ion} \right) . }[/math]
Boundary conditions
Differently from the bidomain model, usually the monodomain model is equipped with an isoltad boundary condition, which means that it is assumed that there is not current that can flow from or to the domain (usually the heart).[3][4] Mathematically, this is done imposing a zero transmembrane potential flux, i.e.:[4]
- [math]\displaystyle{ (\mathbf \Sigma_i \nabla v)\cdot \mathbf n = 0 \quad \quad \text{on }\partial\mathbb T }[/math]
where [math]\displaystyle{ \mathbf n }[/math] is the unit outward normal of the domain and [math]\displaystyle{ \partial \mathbb T }[/math] is the domain boundary.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Pullan, Andrew J.; Buist, Martin L.; Cheng, Leo K. (2005). Mathematically modelling the electrical activity of the heart : from cell to body surface and back again. World Scientific. ISBN 978-9812563736.
- ↑ Mathematical Physiology II: Systems Physiology (2nd ed.). Springer. 2009. ISBN 978-0-387-79387-0.
- ↑ Rossi, Simone; Griffith, Boyce E. (1 September 2017). "Incorporating inductances in tissue-scale models of cardiac electrophysiology". Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 27 (9): 093926. doi:10.1063/1.5000706. ISSN 1054-1500. PMID 28964127.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Boulakia, Muriel; Cazeau, Serge; Fernández, Miguel A.; Gerbeau, Jean-Frédéric; Zemzemi, Nejib (24 December 2009). "Mathematical Modeling of Electrocardiograms: A Numerical Study". Annals of Biomedical Engineering 38 (3): 1071–1097. doi:10.1007/s10439-009-9873-0. PMID 20033779. https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00400490/file/RR-6977.pdf.
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