Biology:Mouthfeel

From HandWiki

Mouthfeel refers to the physical sensations in the mouth caused by food or drink, making it distinct from taste. It is a fundamental sensory attribute which, along with taste and smell, determines the overall flavor of a food item.[1][2] Mouthfeel is also sometimes referred to as texture.[2]

It is used in many areas related to the testing and evaluating of foodstuffs, such as wine-tasting and food rheology.[3] It is evaluated from initial perception on the palate to first bite, through chewing to swallowing and aftertaste. In wine-tasting, for example, mouthfeel is usually used with a modifier (big, sweet, tannic, chewy, etc.) to the general sensation of the wine in the mouth.[4] Research indicates texture and mouthfeel can also influence satiety with the effect of viscosity most significant.[5]

Mouthfeel is often related to a product's water activity—hard or crisp products having lower water activities and soft products having intermediate to high water activities.[6]

Qualities perceived

  • Chewiness: The sensation of sustained, elastic resistance from food while it is chewed.[7]
  • Cohesiveness: The degree to which the sample deforms before rupturing when biting with molars.[8]
  • Crunchiness: The audible grinding of a food when it is chewed
  • Density: The compactness of cross section of the sample after biting completely through with the molars
  • Dryness: The degree to which the sample feels dry in the mouth[9]
  • Exquisiteness: The perceived quality of the item in question
  • Fracturability: The force with which the sample crumbles, cracks or shatters – Fracturability encompasses crumbliness, crispiness, crunchiness and brittleness.
  • Graininess: The degree to which a sample contains small grainy particles
  • Gumminess: The energy required to disintegrate a semi-solid food to a state ready for swallowing
  • Hardness: The force required to deform the product to a given distance, i.e., force to compress between molars, bite through with incisors, compress between tongue and palate
  • Heaviness: The weight of product perceived when first placed on tongue
  • Juiciness
  • Moisture absorption: The amount of saliva absorbed by product
  • Moisture release: The amount of wetness/juiciness released from sample
  • Mouthcoating: The type and degree of coating in the mouth after mastication (for example, fat/oil)[10]
  • Roughness: The degree of abrasiveness of product's surface perceived by the tongue
  • Slipperiness: The degree to which the product slides over the tongue
  • Smoothness: The absence of any particles, lumps, bumps, etc., in the product
  • Tenderness: The opposite of hardness; ease of chewing
  • Uniformity: The degree to which the sample is even throughout or the homogeneity of the sample
  • Uniformity of bite: The evenness of force throughout the bite
  • Uniformity of chew: The degree to which the chewing characteristics of the product are even throughout mastication
  • Viscosity: The force required to draw a liquid from a spoon over the tongue
  • Wetness: The amount of moisture perceived on product's surface

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mouritsen, Ole G.; Styrbæk, Klavs (2017). Mouthfeel: How Texture Makes Taste. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-54324-8. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Guinard, Jean-Xavier; Mazzucchelli, Rossella (July 1996). "The sensory perception of texture and mouthfeel". Trends in Food Science & Technology 7 (7): 213–219. doi:10.1016/0924-2244(96)10025-X. 
  3. ↑ Goodwin, Lindsey (26 December 2017). "Mouthfeel Defined". https://www.thespruce.com/mouthfeel-765730. 
  4. ↑ Dollase, Jürgen (2005) (in de). Geschmacksschule. Wiesbaden, Germany: Tre Torri Verlag. ISBN 978-3-937963-20-4. 
  5. ↑ Stribiţcaia, Ecaterina; Evans, Charlotte E. L.; Gibbons, Catherine; Blundell, John; Sarkar, Anwesha (2020-07-31). "Food texture influences on satiety: systematic review and meta-analysis" (in en). Scientific Reports 10 (1): 12929. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69504-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 32737349. Bibcode: 2020NatSR..1012929S. 
  6. ↑ Katz, E. E.; Labuza, T. P. (March 1981). "Effect of Water Activity on the Sensory Crispness and Mechanical Deformation of Snack Food Products". Journal of Food Science 46 (2): 403–409. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb04871.x. 
  7. ↑ "chewiness - Agrovoc - AGROVOC" (in en). https://agrovoc.fao.org/browse/agrovoc/en/page/c_2674ff99?clang=uk. 
  8. ↑ Rosenthal, Andrew J.; Thompson, Paul (June 2021). "What is cohesiveness?-A linguistic exploration of the food texture testing literature". Journal of Texture Studies 52 (3): 294–302. doi:10.1111/jtxs.12586. ISSN 1745-4603. PMID 33464562. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33464562. 
  9. ↑ Marcus, Jacqueline B. (2019). Aging, nutrition and taste: nutrition, food science and culinary perspectives for aging tastefully. London; San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-813527-3. OCLC on1105931242. https://www.worldcat.org/title/on1105931242. 
  10. ↑ Agorastos, Georgios; van Halsema, Emo; Bast, Aalt; Klosse, Peter (2023-03-01). "On the importance of saliva in mouthfeel sensations". International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 31. doi:10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100667. ISSN 1878-450X. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1878450X23000094. 

Further reading

  • Dollase, Jürgen, Geschmacksschule [engl.: Tasting School], 2005 Tre Tori, Wiesbaden, Germany (ISBN 3937963200). German-language textbook by a renowned food critic covering some, but not all of the above mentionend properties/mouthfeelings.
  • Stokes, Jason R.; Boehm, Michael W.; Baier, Stefan K. (August 2013). "Oral processing, texture and mouthfeel: From rheology to tribology and beyond". Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 18 (4): 349–359. doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2013.04.010. 



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