Biology:N-acetyltransferase 2

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Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens


A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices.
Generic protein structure example

N-acetyltransferase 2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase), also known as NAT2, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the NAT2 gene.[1]

Function

This gene encodes a type of N-acetyltransferase. The NAT2 isozyme functions to both activate and deactivate arylamine and hydrazine drugs and carcinogens. Polymorphisms in this gene are responsible for the N-acetylation polymorphism in which human populations segregate into rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylator phenotypes. Polymorphisms in NAT2 are also associated with higher incidences of cancer and drug toxicity. A second arylamine N-acetyltransferase gene (NAT1) is located near NAT2.[2]

Phenotype prediction

The NAT2 acetylator phenotype can be inferred from NAT2 genotype (a combination of SNPs observed in a given individual).[3][4][5][6]

References

  1. ↑ "Nomenclature for N-acetyltransferases". Pharmacogenetics 5 (1): 1–17. February 1995. doi:10.1097/00008571-199502000-00001. PMID 7773298. 
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: NAT2 N-acetyltransferase 2 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10. 
  3. ↑ "NAT2PRED: a computational predictor of the human N-AcetylTransferase-2 (NAT2) acetylator phenotype". State University of New York – Albany. http://nat2pred.rit.albany.edu/. 
  4. ↑ "A web server for inferring the human N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) enzymatic phenotype from NAT2 genotype". Bioinformatics 25 (9): 1185–6. May 2009. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp121. PMID 19261719. 
  5. ↑ "Polymorphisms of human N-acetyltransferases and cancer risk". Curr. Drug Metab. 9 (6): 520–31. 2008. doi:10.2174/138920008784892083. PMID 18680472. 
  6. ↑ "N-acetyltransferases: lessons learned from eighty years of research". Curr. Drug Metab. 9 (6): 463–4. 2008. doi:10.2174/138920008784892146. PMID 18680465. 

Further reading

  • "Nomenclature for N-acetyltransferases". Pharmacogenetics 5 (1): 1–17. 1995. doi:10.1097/00008571-199502000-00001. PMID 7773298. 
  • "The role of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in arylamine toxicity and carcinogenesis: functional and localization studies". Mutat. Res. 376 (1–2): 153–60. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00038-9. PMID 9202751. 
  • "No apparent association between NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes and risk of stomach cancer". Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 12 (4): 384–6. 2003. PMID 12692115. 
  • "A meta-analysis of the association of N-acetyltransferase 2 gene (NAT2) variants with breast cancer". Am. J. Epidemiol. 166 (3): 246–54. 2007. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm066. PMID 17535831. 
  • "Joint effects of the N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2) genes and smoking on bladder carcinogenesis: a literature-based systematic HuGE review and evidence synthesis". Am. J. Epidemiol. 166 (7): 741–51. 2007. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm167. PMID 17675654. 

External links




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