Biology:Naetrocymbaceae
The Naetrocymbaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Some members of the type genus, Naetrocymbe, form lichens.[1][2][3]
Description
Members of the Naetrocymbaceae typically form a thin, crust-like thallus that adheres directly to the substrate. Many species are purely saprotrophic, living on decaying plant material, but some form a loose partnership with filamentous green algae of the genus Trentepohlia. Because this [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] is optional, the thallus is often poorly developed and may be entirely absent, leaving only the reproductive structures visible on wood, bark, or other organic debris.[4]
Sexual fruit bodies are perithecia—minute, flask-shaped chambers with a broad opening (ostioles) that may sit on top of the structure or off to one side. They occur singly, in small groups, or as multiple cavities ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) embedded in a shared stromatic tissue. Individual perithecia are black, more or less spherical or sometimes flattened on one side, and have walls built from tightly packed, brick-like cells. An outer [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] cap ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) is either missing or poorly developed. Inside, the cavity is threaded by numerous narrow [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]: short-celled, filamentous strands that branch and fuse to form a loose network. The spore sacs (asci) are club- to pear-shaped, split along their length when mature ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]), and lack the lens-like ocular chamber seen in many other flask fungi. Each ascus releases colourless to brown ascospores that are spindle- to needle-shaped, divided by several cross-walls (septa), and often bear a finely ornamented surface; these spores do not stain blue in iodine tests.[4]
Asexual reproduction proceeds in pycnidia—smaller flask structures that generate [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], rod-shaped conidia. No secondary metabolites (lichen products) have been detected in the family.[4]
Ecology
Ecologically, Naetrocymbaceae species bridge several lifestyles: most are decomposers, a few form opportunistic lichen associations, and some grow as harmless parasites on established lichens (lichenicolous).[4]
Genera
- Bifrontia Norman (1872)[5] – 2 spp.
- Jarxia D.Hawksw. (1989)[6] – 2 spp.
- Leptorhaphis Körb. (1855) – 8 spp.
- Naetrocymbe Körb. (1865) – 21 spp.
- Sporoschizon Riedl (1960)[7] – 1 sp.
- Tomasellia A.Massal. (1856)[8] – 7 spp.
References
- ↑ Knudsen, K.; Lendemer, J.C. (2009). "Naetrocymbe herrei (Pleosporales; Ascomycetes), a new lichenized saxicolous species from the coast of central California, U.S.A.". Opuscula Philolichenum 6: 59–64. doi:10.5962/p.381969. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/381969.
- ↑ Roux, C. (2009). "Naetrocymbe saxicola, likeno kun Trentepohlia" (in Esperanto). Le Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence 60: 127–142.
- ↑ Puntillo, Domenicao; Ravera, Sonia (2013). "Naetrocymbe mori-albae, a new species from Calabria (Southern Italy)". Flora Mediterranea 23: 5–9. doi:10.7320/flmedit23.005. https://www.herbmedit.org/flora/23-005.pdf.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Cannon, P.; Coppins, B.; Aptroot, A.; Sanderson, A.; Simkin, J. (2023). Perithecial genera I, including Acrocordia, Alloarthopyrenia, Anisomeridium, Antennulariella, Arthopyrenia, Celothelium, Cyrtidula, Dichoporis, Eopyrenula, Julella, Leptorhaphis, Leptosillia, Lithothelium, Mycomicrothelia, Mycoporum, Naetrocymbe, Pyrenula, Rhaphidicyrtis, Sarcopyrenia, Swinscowia and Tomasellia. Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 37. pp. 20–21. https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Perithecial%20genera%20I.pdf.
- ↑ Norman, J.M. (1872). "Fuligines lichenosae eller Moriolei" (in la). Botaniska Notiser 1872: 9–20 [18].
- ↑ Hawksworth, D.L. (1989). "Jarxia, a new genus of Didymosphaeria-like fungi from the West Indies". Studies in Mycology 31: 93–97. https://www.studiesinmycology.org/sim/Sim31/fulltext/index.html?i=54.
- ↑ Riedl, H. (1960). "Über eine neue Flechtengattung aus der Verwandtschaft von Arthopyrenia" (in de). Sydowia 14 (1–6): 334–336.
- ↑ Massalongo, A. (1856). "Genera lichenum aliquot nova proponit et describit A.B.D. Prof. Massalongo" (in la). Flora (Regensburg) 39: 281–286. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/953#page/282/mode/1up.
Wikidata ☰ Q6958126 entry
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