Biology:Nattokinase

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Short description: Enzyme commonly found in natto
Subtilisin NAT
4dwwnattokinase.png
Crystal structure of nattokinase. PDB 4dww[1]
Identifiers
OrganismBacillus subtilis natto
SymbolaprN
UniProtP35835
Other data
EC number3.4.21.62

Nattokinase (pronounced nuh-TOH-kin-ayss) is an enzyme extracted and purified from a Japanese food called nattō. Nattō is produced by fermentation by adding the bacterium Bacillus subtilis var natto, which also produces the enzyme, to boiled soybeans. While other soy foods contain enzymes, it is only the nattō preparation that contains the specific nattokinase enzyme.

In spite of its name, nattokinase is not a kinase enzyme (and should not be pronounced as such), but a serine protease of the subtilisin family (99.5% identical with aprE). Rather, it is named for the fact that it is an enzyme produced by nattōkin (納豆菌), the Japanese name for Bacillus subtilis var natto. When in contact with human blood or blood clots, it exhibits a strong fibrinolytic activity and works by inactivating plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1).[2][3][4][5] Although it should be expected to be digested and inactivated in the human gut like other proteins, a few researchers report that nattokinase is active when taken orally.[6]

Nattokinase is sold as a dietary supplement. It can now be produced by recombinant means[7][8] and in batch culture,[9][10] rather than relying on extraction from nattō.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction experiment of nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis natto". Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications 66 (Pt 12): 1670–3. December 2010. doi:10.1107/S1744309110043137. PMID 21139221. 
  2. ↑ "The profibrinolytic enzyme subtilisin NAT purified from Bacillus subtilis Cleaves and inactivates plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (27): 24690–6. July 2001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M101751200. PMID 11325965. 
  3. ↑ "Purification and characterization of a strong fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese natto, a popular soybean fermented food in Japan". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 197 (3): 1340–7. December 1993. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2624. PMID 8280151. 
  4. ↑ "Can You Take Nattokinase With Coumadin (Warfarin)?" (in en). https://www.pharmacistanswers.com/questions/can-you-take-nattokinase-with-coumadin-warfarin. 
  5. ↑ "A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese Natto; a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet". Experientia 43 (10): 1110–1. October 1987. doi:10.1007/bf01956052. PMID 3478223. 
  6. ↑ "Nattokinase: A Promising Alternative in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases". Biomarker Insights 13: 1177271918785130. 2018. doi:10.1177/1177271918785130. PMID 30013308. 
  7. ↑ "Secretory expression of nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis YF38 in Escherichia coli". Molecular Biotechnology 37 (3): 187–94. November 2007. doi:10.1007/s12033-007-0060-y. PMID 17952663. 
  8. ↑ "Expression and purification of recombinant nattokinase in Spodoptera frugiperda cells". Biotechnology Letters 29 (10): 1459–64. October 2007. doi:10.1007/s10529-007-9426-2. PMID 17581705. 
  9. ↑ "Production of nattokinase by batch and fed-batch culture of Bacillus subtilis". New Biotechnology 27 (4): 341–6. September 2010. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2010.06.003. PMID 20541632. 
  10. ↑ "Production of nattokinase by high cell density fed-batch culture of Bacillus subtilis". Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 34 (7): 789–93. September 2011. doi:10.1007/s00449-011-0527-x. PMID 21336955. 



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