Biology:Nemesiidae
| Funnel-web tarantulas | |
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| Calisoga sp. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Mygalomorphae |
| Clade: | Avicularioidea |
| Family: | Nemesiidae Simon, 1892 |
| Diversity | |
| 10 genera, 154 species | |
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Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders,[citation needed] is a family of mygalomorph[1] spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889,[2] and raised to family status in 1985. Before becoming its own family, it was considered part of "Dipluridae".[3]
Description
Nemesiidae are relatively large spiders with robust legs and a body that is nearly three times as long as it is wide. They are darkly colored, brown to black, though some have silvery hairs on their carapace.[4] Atmetochilus females can grow over 4 centimetres (1.6 in) long.
They live in burrows, often with a hinged trapdoor. This door is pushed up while the spider waits for passing prey. They rarely leave their burrows, catching prey and withdrawing as quickly as possible. Some of these burrows have side tubes. For the east-Asian genus Sinopesa it is uncertain whether it builds burrows at all.[5]
Genera
(As of March 2022), the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[6]
- Amblyocarenum Simon, 1892
- Brachythele Ausserer, 1871 — Europe, Cyprus
- Calisoga Chamberlin, 1937 — United States
- Damarchilus Siliwal, Molur & Raven, 2015
- Gravelyia Mirza & Mondal, 2018 — India
- Iberesia Decae & Cardoso, 2006 — Africa, Europe
- Mexentypesa Raven, 1987 — Mexico
- Nemesia Audouin, 1826 — Africa, Europe, Cuba, China
- Raveniola Zonstein, 1987 — Asia
- Sinopesa Raven & Schwendinger, 1995 — Asia
Transferred to other families:[7][8][9][10][11]
- Acanthogonatus Karsch, 1880 → Pycnothelidae
- Atmetochilus Simon, 1887 → Bemmeridae
- Aname L. Koch, 1873 → Anamidae
- Bayana Pérez-Miles, Costa & Montes de Oca, 2014 → Pycnothelidae
- Chenistonia Hogg, 1901 → Anamidae
- Chaco Tullgren, 1905 → Pycnothelidae
- Chilelopsis Goloboff, 1995 → Pycnothelidae
- Damarchus Thorell, 1891 → Bemmeridae
- Diplothelopsis Tullgren, 1905 → Pycnothelidae
- Entypesa Simon, 1902 → Entypesidae
- Flamencopsis Goloboff, 1995 → Pycnothelidae
- Hermacha Simon, 1889 → Entypesidae
- Hermachura Mello-Leitão, 1923 → Pycnothelidae
- Hesperonatalius Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer & Harvey, 2017 → Anamidae
- Ixamatus Simon, 1887 → Microstigmatidae
- Kiama Main & Mascord, 1969 → Microstigmatidae
- Kwonkan Main, 1983 → Anamidae
- Lepthercus Purcell, 1902 → Entypesidae
- Longistylus Indicatti & Lucas, 2005 → Pycnothelidae
- Lycinus Thorell, 1894 → Pycnothelidae
- Namea Raven, 1984 → Anamidae
- Neostothis Vellard, 1925 → Pycnothelidae
- Pionothele Purcell, 1902 → Pycnothelidae
- Prorachias Mello-Leitão, 1924 → Pycnothelidae
- Proshermacha Simon, 1908 → Anamidae
- Psalistopoides Mello-Leitão, 1934 → Pycnothelidae
- Pselligmus Simon, 1892 → Pycnothelidae
- Pycnothele Chamberlin, 1917 → Pycnothelidae
- Rachias Simon, 1892 → Pycnothelidae
- Spiroctenus Simon, 1889 → Bemmeridae
- Stanwellia Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 → Pycnothelidae
- Stenoterommata Holmberg, 1881 → Pycnothelidae
- Swolnpes Main & Framenau, 2009 → Anamidae
- Teyl Main, 1975 → Anamidae
- Teyloides Main, 1985 → Anamidae
- Xamiatus Raven, 1981 → Microstigmatidae
Extinct genera
†Eodiplurina Petrunkevitch 1922 Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene
See also
References
- ↑ Raven, R.J. (1987). "A new mygalomorph spider genus from Mexico (Nemesiinae, Nemesiidae, Arachnida)". J. Arachnol. 14: 357–362. http://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v14_n3/JoA_v14_p357.pdf.
- ↑ Simon, E. (1889). Arachnides.
- ↑ Raven, R.J. (1985). "The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182.
- ↑ "Find-a-Spider Guide". University of Queensland. 2006-07-07. http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/info/families.htm.
- ↑ Murphy, Frances; Murphy, John (2000). An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.
- ↑ "Family: Nemesiidae Simon, 1889". Natural History Museum Bern. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/61.
- ↑ "Family: Pycnothelidae Chamberlin, 1917". Natural History Museum Bern. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genlist/138.
- ↑ "Family: Anamidae Simon, 1889". Natural History Museum Bern. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genlist/136.
- ↑ "Family: Entypesidae Bond, Opatova & Hedin, 2020". Natural History Museum Bern. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genlist/139.
- ↑ "Family: Microstigmatidae Roewer, 1942". Natural History Museum Bern. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genlist/56.
- ↑ "Family: Bemmeridae Simon, 1903". Natural History Museum Bern. http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genlist/137.
External links
Further reading
- Pesarini, C. (1988): Revision of the genus Pycnothele (Araneae, Nemesiidae). J. Arachnol. 16: 281-293. PDF
- Rafael P. Indicatti & Sylvia M. Lucas (2005): Description of a new genus of Nemesiidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae) from the Brazilian Cerrado. Zootaxa 1088: 11-16. PDF (Longistylus)
- Indicatti, Rafael P.; Lucas, Sylvia M.; Ott, Ricardo & Brescovit, Antonio D. (2008): Litter dwelling mygalomorph spiders (Araneae: Microstigmatidae, Nemesiidae) from Araucaria forests in southern Brazil, with the description of five new species. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25(3): 529-546.
Wikidata ☰ Q10669 entry
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