Biology:Outline of production

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Short description: Overview of and topical guide to production

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to production:

Production – act of creating 'use' value or 'utility' that can satisfy a want or need.[1] The act may or may not include factors of production other than labor. Any effort directed toward the realization of a desired product or service is a "productive" effort and the performance of such act is production.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to production:


Types

  • Industry – production of an economic good or service within an economy.[2] Industry is divided into four sectors, or types of production; they are:

Primary sector

  • Primary sector – this involves the extraction of resources directly from the Earth, this includes agricultural and resource extraction industries. In these industries, the product (that is, the focus of production) is a natural resource.
    • Agriculture   (outline) – cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life.[3]
      • Animal husbandry – agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.
      • Farming – cultivating land for the purpose of agricultural production.
      • Aquaculture – the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other aquatic organisms.
      • Forestry   (outline) – creating, managing, using, and conserving forests and associated resources in a sustainable manner to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human benefit.[4]
    • Resource extraction –
      • Fishing – activity of catching or harvesting fish and other aquatic animals such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.
      • Logging – harvesting timber, including cutting, skidding, on-site processing, and loading trees or logs onto trucks or skeleton cars.
      • Mining   (outline) – extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an ore body, vein or (coal) seam.
      • Extraction of petroleum – process by which usable petroleum (oil) is extracted and removed from the earth.
      • Extraction of natural gas – Natural gas is commercially extracted from oil fields and natural gas fields.
      • Water industry – provides drinking water to residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the economy.

Secondary sector

  • Secondary sector – involves the processing of raw materials from primary industries, and includes the industries that produce a finished, tangible product.
    • Construction – process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure, including buildings, roads, dams, etc.
    • Manufacturing – process which involves tools and labor to produce goods for use or sale. Ranges from handicraft to high tech industrial production.

Tertiary sector

  • Tertiary sector – This group is involved in the provision of services. They include teachers, managers and other service providers.

Quaternary sector

Goals

Productivity

History

Theories of production

Economics

Manufacturing

Product engineering

Product design

Production technology

Machinery

Machine set-up

  • Changeover
  • Single-Minute Exchange of Die (SMED)
  • Sequence-dependent setup (mathematical)

Lot size and run length

Service provision

Logistics

Process improvement

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Brown, L., and Adam, S. (2006) Marketing, 7th Ed. Pearson Education Australia/Prentice Hall.
  2. ↑ "Industry Definition & Meaning". http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/industry. 
  3. ↑ International Labour Office (1999). Safety and health in agriculture. International Labour Organization. pp. 77–. ISBN 978-92-2-111517-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=GtBa6XIW_aQC&pg=PA77. Retrieved 13 September 2010. 
  4. ↑ "Forestry." SAF Dictionary of Forestry. The Society of American Foresters, 1998. Helms, John A. <"SAFnet Dictionary | Definition for [forestry]". http://dictionaryofforestry.org/dict/term/forestry. >
  5. ↑ Tor Selstad (1990). "The rise of the quaternary sector. The regional dimension of knowledge-based services in Norway, 1970-1985". informaworld. "... knowledge-based services ..." 
  6. ↑ Peter Busch (1967). "Tacit Knowledge in Organizational Learning". Tacit Knowledge in Organizational Learning. ISBN 9781599045030. https://books.google.com/books?id=KGd5hL2-rvQC&q=%22quaternary+sector%22&pg=PT355. "see page .. The quaternary sector of industry is the sector of industry that involves the intellectual services. That is research, development, and information." 

External links

Productivity



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