Biology:PCGF2
 Generic protein structure example |
Polycomb group RING finger protein 2, PCGF2, also known as MEL18 or RNF110, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCGF2 gene.[1][2]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger motif. PCGF2 is a component of the canonical PRC1 complex composed of RING1A/B, CBX2/CBX4, polyhomeotic (PHC) proteins and is very similar to the PCGF4/BMI1 containing PRC1.[3][4] Canonical PRC1 binds to chromatin via the chromodomain of the CBX subunit that recognizes the H3K27me3 mark deposited by PRC2.[5][6] Canonical PRC1 complexes have been shown to compact chromatin and mediate higher-order chromatin structures.[7][8][9]
Polycomb complexes maintain the transcription repression of genes involved in embryogenesis, cell cycles, and tumorigenesis. PCGF2 was shown to act as a negative regulator of transcription and has tumor suppressor activity. The expression of this gene was detected in various tumor cells, but is limited in neural organs in normal tissues. Knockout studies in mice suggested that this protein may negatively regulate the expression of different cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors, and thus plays an important role in lymphocyte differentiation and migration, as well as in immune responses.[2]
References
- ↑ "Cloning and chromosome mapping of the human Mel-18 gene which encodes a DNA-binding protein with a new 'RING-finger' motif". Gene 129 (2): 249–55. July 1993. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90275-8. PMID 8325509.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: PCGF2 polycomb group ring finger 2". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7703.
- ↑ "PCGF homologs, CBX proteins, and RYBP define functionally distinct PRC1 family complexes". Molecular Cell 45 (3): 344–56. February 2012. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.01.002. PMID 22325352.
- ↑ "A High-Density Map for Navigating the Human Polycomb Complexome". Cell Reports 17 (2): 583–595. October 2016. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.096. PMID 27705803.
- ↑ "Mouse polycomb proteins bind differentially to methylated histone H3 and RNA and are enriched in facultative heterochromatin". Molecular and Cellular Biology 26 (7): 2560–9. April 2006. doi:10.1128/MCB.26.7.2560-2569.2006. PMID 16537902.
- ↑ "Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in Polycomb-group silencing". Science 298 (5595): 1039–43. November 2002. doi:10.1126/science.1076997. PMID 12351676. Bibcode: 2002Sci...298.1039C.
- ↑ "Synergy between Variant PRC1 Complexes Defines Polycomb-Mediated Gene Repression". Molecular Cell 74 (5): 1020–1036.e8. June 2019. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.03.024. PMID 31029541.
- ↑ "PRC1 Catalytic Activity Is Central to Polycomb System Function". Molecular Cell 77 (4): 857–874.e9. February 2020. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.001. PMID 31883950.
- ↑ "A central role for canonical PRC1 in shaping the 3D nuclear landscape". Genes & Development 34 (13–14): 931–949. July 2020. doi:10.1101/gad.336487.120. PMID 32439634.
Further reading
- "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Research 10 (11): 1788–95. November 2000. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMID 11076863.
- "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome Research 11 (3): 422–35. March 2001. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMID 11230166.
- "Regulation of Th2 cell differentiation by mel-18, a mammalian polycomb group gene". Immunity 15 (2): 275–87. August 2001. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(01)00182-0. PMID 11520462.
- "Chemokine-mediated thymopoiesis is regulated by a mammalian Polycomb group gene, mel-18". Immunology Letters 80 (2): 139–43. February 2002. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(01)00315-7. PMID 11750047.
- "The core of the polycomb repressive complex is compositionally and functionally conserved in flies and humans". Molecular and Cellular Biology 22 (17): 6070–8. September 2002. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.17.6070-6078.2002. PMID 12167701.
- "Involvement of the Polycomb-group gene Ring1B in the specification of the anterior-posterior axis in mice". Development 129 (18): 4171–83. September 2002. doi:10.1242/dev.129.18.4171. PMID 12183370.
- "Mutation analysis of the mel-18 gene that shows decreased expression in human breast cancer cell lines". Breast Cancer 9 (1): 33–8. 2002. doi:10.1007/BF02967544. PMID 12196719.
- "From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline". Genome Research 14 (10B): 2136–44. October 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMID 15489336.
- "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research 16 (1): 55–65. January 2006. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMID 16344560.
- "The LIFEdb database in 2006". Nucleic Acids Research 34 (Database issue): D415–8. January 2006. doi:10.1093/nar/gkj139. PMID 16381901.
- "Implication of polycomb members Bmi-1, Mel-18, and Hpc-2 in the regulation of p16INK4a, p14ARF, h-TERT, and c-Myc expression in primary breast carcinomas". Clinical Cancer Research 12 (23): 6929–36. December 2006. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0788. PMID 17145810.
- "Mel-18, a polycomb group protein, regulates cell proliferation and senescence via transcriptional repression of Bmi-1 and c-Myc oncoproteins". Molecular Biology of the Cell 18 (2): 536–46. February 2007. doi:10.1091/mbc.E06-05-0447. PMID 17151361.
- "Contribution of polycomb homologues Bmi-1 and Mel-18 to medulloblastoma pathogenesis". Molecular and Cellular Biology 27 (13): 4968–79. July 2007. doi:10.1128/MCB.02244-06. PMID 17452456.
- "Mel-18 acts as a tumor suppressor by repressing Bmi-1 expression and down-regulating Akt activity in breast cancer cells". Cancer Research 67 (11): 5083–9. June 2007. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4368. PMID 17545584.
- "Violating the splicing rules: TG dinucleotides function as alternative 3' splice sites in U2-dependent introns". Genome Biology 8 (8): R154. 2007. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-8-r154. PMID 17672918.
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