Biology:Pachira

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Pachira is a genus of tropical trees distributed in Central and South America and the Caribbean, ranging from Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil.[1] They are classified in the subfamily Bombacoideae of the family Malvaceae. Previously the genus was assigned to Bombacaceae. [2][3] Prior to that the genus was found in the (now obsolete) Sterculiaceae.

54 species are currently accepted.[1][4] They form small or large trees with digitate leaves, and the fruit an oval woody one-celled capsule opening by a number of divisions and containing many seeds.

History

Although first named Pachira by Jean Baptiste Aublet in 1775. The genus name is derived from a language spoken in Guyana.[5] Carl Linnaeus the Younger unaware of this separately is said to have called the genus Carolinea after Princess (or Marchioness) "Sophia Caroline of Baden" in 1782.[6] [7] [8][9] The principle of precedence gives the authority to Pachira.

The Margrave of Baden, Karl Wilhelm (1709 – 1738) founded the Karlsruhe Palace (Karlsruher Schloß) in 1715. He had a considerable interest in botany, particularly the exotic, and had large numbers of trees imported for the Palace Gardens (Schloßgarten). He was succeeded by his Grandson, Karl Friedrich (1738 - 1811) who married Princess Karoline Luise von Hessen-Darmstadt (1723 - 1783) in 1751. Karoline Luise was a noted botanist. She corresponded with Carl von Linné (Linnaeus), cultivated numerous plants in the palace gardens, had engravings of them made for a book and had them all classified according to Linnaeus' system. Linnaeus' son, Carl Linnaeus the younger, recognised her contributions by naming one of the trees, Pachira aquatica (German: Glückskastanie) Carolinea princeps after her. [10]

Commercial use

Timber, cordage and seeds for stuffing pillows and cushions. [11]

Species

54 species are accepted.[1]

  • Pachira amazonica (A.Robyns) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira aquatica Aubl. (syn. P. macrocarpa)
  • Pachira aracamuniana (Steyerm.) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira brevipes (A.Robyns) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira calophylla (K.Schum.) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira cearensis (Ducke) Carv.-Sobr. & Dorr
  • Pachira condorensis Fern.Alonso & J.E.Guevara
  • Pachira coriacea (Mart.) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira cowanii (A.Robyns) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira cubensis (A.Robyns) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira deflexifolia V.N.Yoshik. & M.C.Duarte
  • Pachira dolichocalyx A.Robyns
  • Pachira duckei (A.Robyns) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira dugandeana (A.Robyns) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira emarginata A. Rich.
  • Pachira endecaphylla (Vell.) Carv.-Sobr.
  • Pachira faroensis (Ducke) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira flaviflora (Pulle) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira fuscolepidota (Steyerm.) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira glabra Pasq.
  • Pachira gracilis (A.Robyns) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira humilis Otto & A.Dietr.
  • Pachira inaequalivalvis V.N.Yoshik. & M.C.Duarte
  • Pachira insignis (Sw.) Savigny
  • Pachira liesneri (Steyerm.) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira macrocalyx (Ducke) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira manausensis (A.Robyns) V.N.Yoshik. & C.D.M.Ferreira
  • Pachira mawarinumae (Steyerm.) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira minor (Sims) Otto & A.Dietr.
  • Pachira morae Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira moreirae Carv.-Sobr. & W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira mutisiana Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira nervosa (Uittien) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira nitida Kunth
  • Pachira nukakica Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira obovata (A.Robyns) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira orinocensis (A.Robyns) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira paraensis (Ducke) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira patinoi (Dugand & A.Robyns) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira pseudofaroensis (A.Robyns) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira pulchra Planch. & Linden
  • Pachira punga-schunkei Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira quinata (Jacq.) W.S.Alverson[12]
  • Pachira retusa (Mart.) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira robynsii (Steyerm. & W.D.Stevens) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira rupicola (A.Robyns) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira rurrenabaqueana (Rusby) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira sessilis Benth.
  • Pachira sordida (R.E.Schult.) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira speciosa Triana & Planch.
  • Pachira subandina (Dugand) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira tepuiensis (Steyerm.) W.S.Alverson
  • Pachira tocantina (Ducke) Fern.Alonso
  • Pachira trinitensis Urb.
  • Pachira yapacanae Steyerm. ex W.S.Alverson

Formerly placed here

  • Pseudobombax grandiflorum (Cav.) A.Robyns (as P. cyathophora Casar.)[12]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named powo
  2. ↑ IABIN
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GRIN
  4. ↑ Plant systematics: Pachira
  5. ↑ Helmut Genaust (1983): Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen, 2. Auflage. Birkhäuser Verlag – ISBN 3-7643-1399-4
  6. ↑ The Imperial Dictionary of the English Language, Ogilvie, J. (ed.) 1883 Pachira p. 351.
  7. ↑ Loudon's Hortus britannicus: A catalogue of all the plants indigenous, cultivated in, or introduced to Britain. London, 1830. I: 292
  8. ↑ Loudon JC. An encyclopædia of plants. Longman London 1836, p. 592
  9. ↑ Lindley and Moore. The treasury of botany, Longmans, London 1866. Pachira p. 833
  10. ↑ "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Early Developments of Botany and Genetics in Karlsruhe 1715 - 1832". http://www.chem-bio.kit.edu/english/19.php. 
  11. ↑ Brande and Cox (eds.) A dictionary of science, literature, & art. Longmans, London 1866 Pachira II: 761
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "GRIN Species Records of Pachira". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?8717. Retrieved 2013-04-29. 

Further reading

Wikidata ☰ Q2632055 entry



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