Biology:Pachycephala
| Pachycephala | |
|---|---|
| |
| Adult male rufous whistler (Pachycephala rufiventris) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Pachycephalidae |
| Subfamily: | Pachycephalinae |
| Genus: | Pachycephala Vigors, 1825 |
| Type species | |
| Muscicapa pectoralis Latham, 1801
| |
| Synonyms | |
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Pachycephala is a genus of birds native to Oceania and Southeast Asia. They are commonly known as typical whistlers. Older guidebooks may refer to them as thickheads, a literal translation of the generic name, which is derived from the Ancient Greek terms pachys "thick" + kephale "head". This lineage originated in Australo-Papua and later colonized the Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos to the west and the Pacific archipelagos to the east.[1]
Taxonomy
The genus Pachycephala that was introduced in 1825 by the Irish zoologist Nicholas Vigors with the Australian golden whistler as the type species.[2][3] The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek pakhus meaning "large" or "thick" and kephalē meaning "head".[4]
The genus contains 48 species:[5]
- Olive whistler (Pachycephala olivacea)
- Red-lored whistler (Pachycephala rufogularis)
- Gilbert's whistler (Pachycephala inornata)
- Mangrove whistler (Pachycephala cinerea)
- Biak whistler (Pachycephala melanorhyncha)
- Green-backed whistler (Pachycephala albiventris)
- White-vented whistler (Pachycephala homeyeri)
- Island whistler (Pachycephala phaionota)
- Rusty whistler (Pachycephala hyperythra)
- Brown-backed whistler (Pachycephala modesta)
- Yellow-bellied whistler (Pachycephala philippinensis)
- Sulphur-vented whistler (Pachycephala sulfuriventer)
- Bornean whistler (Pachycephala hypoxantha)
- Vogelkop whistler (Pachycephala meyeri)
- Grey whistler (Pachycephala simplex)
- Fawn-breasted whistler (Pachycephala orpheus)
- Sclater's whistler (Pachycephala soror)
- Rusty-breasted whistler (Pachycephala fulvotincta)
- Yellow-throated whistler (Pachycephala macrorhyncha)
- Baliem whistler (Pachycephala balim)
- Black-chinned whistler (Pachycephala mentalis)
- Australian golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis)
- Western whistler (Pachycephala fuliginosa)
- Bismarck whistler (Pachycephala citreogaster)
- Oriole whistler (Pachycephala orioloides)
- Louisiade whistler (Pachycephala collaris)
- Rennell whistler (Pachycephala feminina)
- Melanesian whistler (Pachycephala chlorura)
- New Caledonian whistler (Pachycephala caledonica)
- Fiji whistler (Pachycephala vitiensis)
- Temotu whistler (Pachycephala vanikorensis)
- Tongan whistler (Pachycephala jacquinoti)
- Mangrove golden whistler (Pachycephala melanura)
- Samoan whistler (Pachycephala flavifrons)
- Hooded whistler (Pachycephala implicata)
- Bougainville whistler (Pachycephala richardsi)
- Bare-throated whistler (Pachycephala nudigula)
- Lorentz's whistler (Pachycephala lorentzi)
- Regent whistler (Pachycephala schlegelii)
- Golden-backed whistler (Pachycephala aurea)
- Rufous whistler (Pachycephala rufiventris)
- Black-headed whistler (Pachycephala monacha)
- White-bellied whistler (Pachycephala leucogastra)
- Wallacean whistler (Pachycephala arctitorquis)
- Drab whistler (Pachycephala griseonota)
- Cinnamon-breasted whistler (Pachycephala johni)
- White-breasted whistler (Pachycephala lanioides)
- Morningbird (Pachycephala tenebrosa)
Former species
Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Pachycephala:
- Maroon-backed whistler (as Pachycephala raveni)[6]
- Little shrikethrush (fortis) (as Pachycephala fortis)[7]
An unidentified Pachycephala whistler was heard on May 14, 1994 at 1,000 meters ASL south of the summit of Camiguin in the Philippines , where the genus was not previously known to occur. It might have been an undescribed taxon, or simply a vagrant of a known species.[8]
References
- ↑ Jønsson, K.A. et al. (2014) Evidence of taxon cycles in an Indo-Pacific passerine bird radiation (Aves: Pachycephala). Proc. R. Soc. B.
- ↑ Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (1825). "Observations on the natural affinities that connect the orders and families of birds". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14 (3): 395–517 [444]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00098.x. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/752822.
- ↑ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed (1986). Check-List of Birds of the World. 12. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 8. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14482125.
- ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n288/mode/1up.
- ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds (January 2023). "Whiteheads, sittellas, Ploughbill, Australo-Papuan bellbirds, Shriketit, whistlers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.1. International Ornithologists' Union. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/whistlers/.
- ↑ "Coracornis raveni - Avibase". http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=68FD78E7994B89C2.
- ↑ "Colluricincla megarhyncha fortis - Avibase". http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=0436EE8B&sec=summary&ssver=1.
- ↑ Balete, Danilo S.; Tabaranza, Blas R. Jr. & Heaney, Lawrence R. (2006) An Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Camiguin Island, Philippines. Fieldiana Zool. New Series 106: 58–72.
Wikidata ☰ Q2303843 entry
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