Biology:Pacific rainbow smelt

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Short description: Species of fish

Pacific rainbow smelt
Osmerus mordax (line art).jpg
Scientific classification edit
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Osmeriformes
Family: Osmeridae
Genus: Osmerus
Species:
O. dentex
Binomial name
Osmerus dentex
Steindachner & Kner, 1870

The Pacific rainbow smelt (Osmerus dentex), also known as the Arctic rainbow smelt or cucumber fish in Japan ,[citation needed] is a North Pacific species of fish of the family Osmeridae. The fish usually lives in marine and brackish environment, with a wide distribution from North Korea, Sea of Okhotsk to Bering Sea and British Columbia.[2] They are also seen in estuaries and coastal waters of European and Siberian shores of Arctic Ocean from White Sea to Chukota in Russian Far East.[3]

Description

The Pacific rainbow smelt has a cylindrical elongated body shape, with lengths ranging between 14 and 16 centimetres (5.5 and 6.3 in).[4] The body color is mostly silver. They usually prey on plankton and squid.[3]

Life cycle

Pacific rainbow smelt usually return to their natal streams to spawn when the water temperature reaches 2 degree Celsius and above, but the degree of homing varies from one population to another and may be genetically controlled.[5] Movement to spawning grounds are usually made at night when the spawning group crowd together and move upstream.[6] The whole spawning usually lasts several hours each night for several nights.[7] Many spawned-out fish, especially males, die after spawning, but those that survive would spawn again in the following year.[8]

References

  1. "Reference Summary - IUCN, 2022". https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/references/FBRefSummary.php?ID=126983. 
  2. Allen, M., James (April 1988). Atlas and zoogeography of common fishes in the Bering Sea and Northeastern Pacific. The United States of America: National Marine Fisheries Service. p. 151. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/5807. Retrieved 14 November 2023. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 Kottelat, Maurice; Freyhof, Jörg (2007). Handbook of european freshwater fishes. Cornol: Publications Kottelat. p. 6466. ISBN 978-2-8399-0298-4. https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/references/FBRefSummary.php?ID=59043. Retrieved 14 November 2023. 
  4. Katalog morskich i presnovodnych ryb severnoj časti Ochotskogo morja. Vladivostok: Dalʹnauka. 2003. p. 204. ISBN 5-8044-0308-7. https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/references/FBRefSummary.php?ID=50550. Retrieved 14 November 2023. 
  5. Rupp, Robert S.; Redmond, Malcolm A. (March 1966). "Transfer Studies of Ecologic and Genetic Variation in the American Smelt". Ecology 47 (2): 253–259. https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/1933772. Retrieved 14 November 2023. 
  6. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Osmerus dentex Steindachner & Kner, 1870". https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=254557. 
  7. Rupp, Robert S. (April 1965). "Shore-Spawning and Survival of Eggs of the American Smelt". Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 94 (2): 160–168. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8659(1965)94%5B160%3ASASOEO%5D2.0.CO%3B2. Retrieved 14 November 2023. 
  8. Morrow, James Edwin (1980) (in en). The freshwater fishes of Alaska. pp. 217–241. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130000794267420288. Retrieved 14 November 2023. 

See also

Wikidata ☰ Q28779521 entry