Biology:Panina

From HandWiki

Panina[1] is a subtribe of tribe Hominini; it comprises all descendants of the human-chimpanzee last common ancestor (LCA) that are not of the branch of human lineage—that is, all those ancestors of the type genus Pan (chimpanzees and bonobos).[2][3] This split/divergence occurred around 8 to 6 million years ago (mya),[4] which compares with a range of other estimates for this event—likely extended by periods of hybridization—of from 15 to 3 mya.[5][6] Fossils from this subtribe are typically rare because they tend to live in environments with poor fossilization. Some of the earliest chimpanzee fossils are 500,000 years of age.[7]

Classification

Panina is one of two subtribes of tribe Hominini; the other is Australopithecina (or Hominina). The genus Sahelanthropus lived around the time of the divergence, and may have then been found among one of these groups: a member of either branch of lineage; a precursor to both lineages; or possibly an early member of tribe Gorillini, which previously had split from the human-chimpanzee lineage. Regardless, the morphology of S. tchadensis supports the theory that, at and after the divergence, hominins then are unlikely to resemble in appearance(s) with any number of derived characters of their descendants.[8][9] A genetic study conducted in 2010 surveyed chimpanzee mitochondrial genomes and discovered the presence of an extinct ghost lineage, (i.e., fossil evidence doesn't exist yet) of Panina that diverged around 3.3 mya and began interbreeding with bonobos (Pan paniscus), who then interbred with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). This signature is carried more heavily in P. troglodytes despite having interbred with bonobos first, seeing as how they occupy a greater range.[10]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Panina at Fossilworks.org
  2. ↑ Harrison, T. (2010), "Dendropithecoidea, Proconsuloidea, and Hominoidea", Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, pp. 429–470, doi:10.1525/california/9780520257214.003.0024, ISBN 9780520257214, https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/15282/chapter-abstract/169819774?redirectedFrom=fulltext 
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named delson
  4. ↑ Dolhinow, Phyllis; Sarich, Vincent (1971). Background for Man. Little, Brown & Co.. p. 76. ISBN 9780512246967. https://books.google.com/books?id=FvDpJ2ulVSUC. 
  5. ↑ ScienceNews.org – 'Hybrid-Driven Evolution: Genomes show complexity of human-chimp split: Not only did the evolutionary parting of human from chimpanzee ancestors occur more recently than had been indicated by previous data, but it also played out over an extended period during which forerunners of people and chimps interbred', Bruce Bower, Science News (May 20, 2006)
  6. ↑ Patterson, N.; Richter, D. J.; Gnerre, S.; Lander, E. S.; Reich, D. (2006). "Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees". Nature 441 (7097): 1103–1108. doi:10.1038/nature04789. PMID 16710306. Bibcode: 2006Natur.441.1103P. 
  7. ↑ Hopkin, M. (2005), "First chimp fossil unearthed", Nature, doi:10.1038/news050829-10, https://www.nature.com/articles/news050829-10 
  8. ↑ Guy, F.; Lieberman, D.E.; Pilbeam, D. et al. (2005). "Morphological affinities of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Late Miocene hominid from Chad) cranium". PNAS 102 (52): 18836–18841. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509564102. PMID 16380424. Bibcode: 2005PNAS..10218836G. 
  9. ↑ Wolpoff, M. H.; Hawks, J.; Senut, B. et al. (2006). "An Ape or the Ape : Is the Toumaï Cranium TM 266 a Hominid?". PaleoAnthropology 2006: 36–50. http://www.paleoanthro.org/journal/content/PA20060036.pdf. 
  10. ↑ Bjork, Adam; Liu, Weimin; Wertheim, Joel O.; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Worobey, Michael (2011), "Evolutionary History of Chimpanzees Inferred from Complete Mitochondrial Genomes", Molecular Biology and Evolution 28: 615–623, doi:10.1093/molbev/msq227, PMID 20802239, PMC 3108604, https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/28/1/615/984161?login=false 

Template:Haplorhini Wikidata ☰ Q3305022 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Panina&oldid=4041182"