Biology:Papuodendron
| Papuodendron | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Subfamily: | Malvoideae |
| Tribe: | Hibisceae |
| Genus: | Papuodendron C.T.White |
| Type species | |
| Papuodendron lepidotum C.T.White
| |
Papuodendron is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Malvaceae.[1] In 1946 Cyril Tenison White described its first species, Papuodendron lepidotum, which was discovered growing in 1944 in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea.[2] Its native range is New Guinea.[1]
Description
Papuodendron is an arborescent genus,[2] i.e. plants are tree-like.[3]
Taxonomy
Higher classification
The type species, Papuodendron lepidotum, was provisionally classified as a new species of Cumingia by Ulbricht, but was formally described as belonging to the then new genus of Papuodendron by White.[4] The higher classification of Papuodendron has been revised over time. White originally placed Papuodendron within the family Bombacaceae,[2] but noted similarities to both the family Bombacaceae and the tribe Hibisceae: Papuodendron is similar to the Bombacaceae in the arrangement of the anthers,[2] but similar to the Hibisceae in that the medullary rays do not feature tile cells,[2] a type of ray cell found within the wood of some trees,[5] which are a feature of the Bombacaceae.[2] White's placement of Papuodendron within the Bombacaceae was known to be problematic given its similarities to the Hibisceae,[6] and in 1960 André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans reduced the genus to Hibiscus,[7] thus transferring it to the Hibisceae. In 1966, Jan van Borssum Waalkes returned Papuodendron to the Bombacaceae,[8] albeit hesitantly.[9] In 2000, phylogenetic analysis showed Papuodendron to be within the Malviodeae, and that it was a sister genus to Hibiscus, thus supporting the placement of the genus within the Hibisceae.[10] By 2004, it was settled that Papuodendron belongs to the Malvaceae (within the subfamily Malvoideae) rather than the Bombacaceae.[11]
Distinction from Hibiscus
In 1960, when Kostermans transferred Papuodendron from the family Bombacaceae to the family Malveaceae, he also reduced the genus to Hibiscus on the basis the only difference between the two genera was the position of the anthers, which he considered insufficient to differentiate them.[7] In 1972, Wilhelmus Albertus van Heel supported Kostermans's reduction of Papuodendron to Hibiscus on the basis of anatomical studies showing insufficient differences to support Papuodendron being considered a different genus.[12] The 2000 phylogenetic analysis placing Papuodendron within the Hibisceae did not directly address whether it is a distinct genus.[10] As of 2022, there is ongoing debate as to whether Papuodendron is a distinct genus from Hibiscus: Plants of the World Online considers them distinct genera, but notes that Maarten J. M. Christenhusz et al. cite Papuodendron as Hibiscus.[1]
Species
As of 2022, Plants of the World Online lists the genus as comprising two species:[1]
- Papuodendron hooglandianum (Kosterm.) Borss.Waalk. — first described in 1960 as a species of Hibiscus,[13] and reclassified as a species of Papuodendron in 1966[14]
- Papuodendron lepidotum C.T.White — first described in 1946[15]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Template:Cite powo
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 White, C. T. (1946). "Papuodendron, A New Genus of Arborescent Malvaceae from New Guinea". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 27 (3): 272–274. doi:10.5962/p.185543. ISSN 0004-2625.
- ↑ "Arborescent | Definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary". Cambridge University Press. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/arborescent?topic=types-of-plant.
- ↑ van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (1947). "Notes on a Number of New Guinean Species". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 28 (4): 419–423. doi:10.5962/p.185582. ISSN 0004-2625.
- ↑ "Tile cell". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tile+cell. Retrieved 2022-12-10.
- ↑ Baum, David A.; Alverson, William S.; Nyffeler, Reto (1998). "A Durian by Any Other Name: Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the Core Malvales". Harvard Papers in Botany 3 (2): 315–330. ISSN 1043-4534. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41761576.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kostermans, A. J. G. H. (1960). "MISCELLANEOUS BOTANICAL NOTES 1*" (in en). Reinwardtia 5 (3): 233–254. doi:10.14203/reinwardtia.v5i3.199. ISSN 2337-8824. https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia/article/view/199.
- ↑ van Borssum Waalkes, J. (1966). "Malesian Malvaceae revised" (in en). Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 14 (1): 1–213. ISSN 2212-1676. https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/525105.
- ↑ Fryxell, Paul A. (1968). "A Redefinition of the Tribe Gossypieae". Botanical Gazette 129 (4): 296–308. doi:10.1086/336448. ISSN 0006-8071. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2473094.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Nyffeler, R.; Baum, D. A. (2000). "Phylogenetic relationships of the durians (Bombacaceae-Durioneae or /Malvaceae/Helicteroideae/Durioneae) based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution 224 (1/2): 55–82. doi:10.1007/BF00985266. ISSN 0378-2697. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23644160.
- ↑ von Balthazar, Maria; Alverson, William S.; Schönenberger, Jürg; Baum, David A. (2004). "Comparative Floral Development and Androecium Structure in Malvoideae (Malvaceae s.l.)". International Journal of Plant Sciences 165 (4): 445–473. doi:10.1086/386561. ISSN 1058-5893. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/386561.
- ↑ van Heel, W. A. (1972). "THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF PAPUODENDRON C.T. WHITE AS ELUCIDATED BY ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS" (in en). Reinwardtia 8 (2): 319–321. doi:10.14203/reinwardtia.v8i2.232. ISSN 2337-8824. https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia/article/view/232.
- ↑ Template:Cite powo
- ↑ Template:Cite powo
- ↑ Template:Cite powo
Wikidata ☰ Q9055252 entry
 |  |
