Biology:Perilestidae

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Perilestidae is a family of damselflies commonly known as shortwings or twigtails.[1] The family includes about 20 living species in two genera, all of which occur in the tropical regions of the Americas.[2][3] Members of the family are characterised by their very long, slender abdomens and relatively short wings, giving them a distinctive twig-like appearance.[4][1]

Classification

Perilestidae was established by Kennedy in 1920 as Perilestinae, based on the Neotropical genus Perilestes.[5] Modern studies support the family as a distinct lineage within the superfamily Lestoidea.[6][7] The African genus Nubiolestes, formerly included in Perilestidae, was transferred to Synlestidae by Dijkstra and colleagues (2013).[6]

Description

Perilestids are slender forest damselflies with very long, narrow abdomens and comparatively short wings.[1][4] They typically inhabit shaded tropical forests, where they rest among vegetation with the abdomen hanging vertically.[8][4]

Genera

The following genera are currently placed in Perilestidae:[2]

Fossils

The fossil record of Perilestidae consists of the extinct genus †Palaeoperilestes, described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber.[9]

  • †Palaeoperilestes Zheng et al. 2016

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Haber, W. and Wagner, D. Perilestidae: Shortwings. Dragonflies and Damselflies of Ecuador.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. https://www.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/world-odonata-list2/. 
  3. ↑ Neiss, U. G. and Neusa, H. (2010). The larva of Perilestes attenuatus Selys, 1886 (Odonata: Perilestidae) from Amazonas, Brazil. Zootaxa 2614 53–58.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Silsby, Jill (2001). Dragonflies of the World. CSIRO Publishing. p. 102. ISBN 0643065121. 
  5. ↑ Kennedy, C.H. (1920). "The phylogeny of the zygopterous dragonflies as based on the evidence of the penes". Ohio Journal of Science 21 (1): 19–29 [25]. http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3747413. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.; Bechly, Günter; Bybee, Seth M.; Dow, Rory A.; Dumont, Henri J.; Fleck, Günther; Garrison, Rosser W.; Hämäläinen, Matti et al. (2013). "The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)" (in en). Zootaxa 3703 (1): 36–45. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.9. ISSN 1175-5334. https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3703.1.9. 
  7. ↑ Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.; Kalkman, Vincent J.; Dow, Rory A.; Stokvis, Frank R.; Van Tol, Jan (2014). "Redefining the damselfly families: A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata)". Systematic Entomology 39 (1): 68–96. doi:10.1111/syen.12035. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12035. 
  8. ↑ Machado, A. (2015). Perilestes eustaquioi sp. nov. and new distributional records of Perilestidae (Odonata) in Brazil. Zoologia (Curitiba), 32(5), 428–430.
  9. ↑ Zheng, Daran; Wang, Bo; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Chang, Su-Chin; Nel, André (2016-10-01). "The first fossil Perilestidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber". Cretaceous Research 65: 199–205. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.05.002. Bibcode: 2016CrRes..65..199Z. http://hal.upmc.fr/hal-01321842/file/Zheng_The_first_fossil.pdf. 

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