Biology:Perisoreinae

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Perisoreinae is a subfamily of passerine birds in the family Corvidae (crows and jays). The subfamily comprises five species: the Holarctic jays, including the boreal forest jays of the genus Perisoreus and the magpies of the genus Cyanopica.[1] Members of Perisoreinae are distributed across northern Eurasia and North America, as well as arid regions of Central Asia.

Taxonomy

The subfamily Perisoreinae was established by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1853. Historically, the genera now placed in Perisoreinae were variably classified within the broad assemblage of jays (traditionally Garrulinae).[2] Subsequent multilocus and genomic analyses have consistently supported the monophyly of Perisoreinae and its basal position relative to other corvid lineages.[3][4]

Distribution and habitat

Perisoreinae exhibits a disjunct distribution across the Northern Hemisphere. Perisoreus species inhabit boreal and montane coniferous forests of North America and northern Eurasia, while Cyanopica occurs in temperate woodlands of East Asia and the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian and East Asian populations of Cyanopica are now widely treated as distinct species.[5][6]

Behavior and ecology

Members of Perisoreinae are socially complex birds. Cyanopica species are notably gregarious, forming cooperative breeding groups, while Perisoreus species often live in stable family units. The Siberian jay is particularly well studied for kin-based social behavior and predator avoidance strategies.[7] Cooperative behaviors, including predator mobbing and food sharing, have been documented in some species, particularly the Siberian jay.[7]

Evolutionary history

Fossil-calibrated phylogenies suggest that Perisoreinae diverged from other corvid lineages during the Miocene, with subsequent specialization into forest and desert niches. The ecological divergence between arboreal and terrestrial forms is considered one of the most pronounced within Corvidae.[2][8]

Corvidae
 
Pyrrhocoracinae

Pyrrhocorax

 
 
 
 
Crypsirininae
 

Dendrocitta

 
 
 

Crypsirina

 
 
 

Temnurus

 
 

Platysmurus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cissinae
 

Urocissa

 
 

Cissa

 
 
 
 
 
Perisoreinae
 

Perisoreus

 
 

Cyanopica

 
 
 
 
Cyanocoracinae
 
 
 

Cyanocorax

 
 
 

Calocitta

 
 

Psilorhinus

 
 
 
 
 

Aphelocoma

 
 
 

Cyanocitta

 
 

Gymnorhinus

 
 
 
 
 

Cyanolyca

 
 
Corvinae
 
Corvus sensu lato
 

Corvus

 
 

Coloeus

 
 
 

Nucifraga

 
 
 
 
 

Pica

 
 

Garrulus

 
 
 
 
 

Podoces

 
 

Ptilostomus

 
 
 

Zavattariornis

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Laniidae

 

References

  1. ↑ "TiF Checklist: CORVIDA III--Corvoidea". http://jboyd.net/Taxo/List19.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ericson, P. G. P.; Jansén, A.-L.; Johansson, U. S.; Ekman, J. (2005). "Inter-generic relationships of the crows, jays, magpies and allies (Aves: Corvidae) based on nucleotide sequence data". Journal of Avian Biology 36 (3): 222–234. doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2001.03409.x. 
  3. ↑ Jetz, W.; Thomas, G. H.; Joy, J. B.; Hartmann, K.; Mooers, A. O. (2012). "The global diversity of birds in space and time". Nature 491 (7424): 444–448. doi:10.1038/nature11631. 
  4. ↑ Oliveros, C. H. et al. (2019). "Earth history and the passerine superradiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116 (16): 7916–7925. doi:10.1073/pnas.1813206116. 
  5. ↑ del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. et al., eds (2018). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 
  6. ↑ Madge, S.; Burn, H. (1999). Crows and Jays: A Guide to the Crows, Jays and Magpies of the World. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 9780713652079. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ekman, Jan (2006-06-23). "Family living among birds". Journal of Avian Biology 37 (4): 289–298. doi:10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03666.x. ISSN 0908-8857. https://nsojournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03666.x. 
  8. ↑ Oliveros, C. H.; Field, D. J.; Ksepka, D. T. (2019). "Earth history and the passerine superradiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116 (16): 7916–7925. doi:10.1073/pnas.1813206116. 

Wikidata ☰ Q31079825 entry