Biology:Pholiota
Pholiota is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms[1] in the family Strophariaceae. They are saprobes that typically live on wood.[2] The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains about 150 species.
Taxonomy
The genus contains about 150 species.[3]
There have been several varying concepts of the genus, ranging from a pre-molecular era very broad concept[4] that nowadays would include the genera Phaeolepiota, Phaeonematoloma, Flammula, Meottomyces, some Stropharia species, some Hypholoma species, Hemipholiota, Hemistropharia, some Kuehneromyces and some Phaeomarasmius, etc. Currently the genus is restricted to a smaller but still large group of species[5][6][7][8] that primarily grow on wood, causing a white rot; other taxa occur on burnt ground following fires on peaty or forest soil, but none are known to be mycorrhizal.[clarification needed]
Selected species
- P. aurivella (Batsch) P.Kumm.
- P. communis (Cleland & Cheel) Grgur. (southeastern Australia)
- P. flammans (Batsch) P.Kumm. — flaming scalycap
- P. iterata A.H.Sm. & Hesler — North America
- P. microspora (Berk.) Sacc. — nameko (China, Japan)
- P. nubigena (Harkn.) Redhead — bubblegum fungus (western United States)
- P. squarrosa (Oeder) Kumm. — shaggy scalycap (North America and Europe)
- P. squarrosoides (Peck) Sacc. (North America)
- P. variicystis G.Moreno & E.Valenz.
Etymology
Pholiota is derived from the Greek word pholis, meaning "scale".[9]
Description
The mushrooms have scaly and glutinous to dry cap surfaces. Many species have prominent partial veils and form an annulus or annular ring on their stipes. None of the species have purplish or purplish-brown spore prints. None form acanthocytes on their mycelia.
Usually the species have pleurocystidia that include a type called chrysocystidia. The spores are brown, light brown, or yellowish brown in deposit. They are smooth with a germ pore, although the germ pore can be quite narrow in species
Distribution and habitat
The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions.[3]
The species frequently grow on wood or at the bases of trees or on decaying tree roots.
References
- ↑ "The Genus Pholiota (MushroomExpert.Com)". https://www.mushroomexpert.com/pholiota.html.
- ↑ "The genus Pholiota". The Mushroom Expert. http://www.mushroomexpert.com/pholiota.html.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2008. p. 524. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ↑ The North American Species of Pholiota, New York: Hafner, 1968, http://www.mykoweb.com/Pholiota/
- ↑ "One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23 (3): 357–400. 2002. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00027-1. PMID 12099793. Bibcode: 2002MolPE..23..357M.
- ↑ "The systematic relevance of conidiogenesis modes in the gilled Agaricales". Mycological Research 109 (5): 525–44. 2005. doi:10.1017/S0953756205002868. PMID 16018308.
- ↑ "Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview" (PDF). Mycologia 98 (6): 982–95. 2006. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982. PMID 17486974. http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/reprint/98/6/982?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=Matheny&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&volume=98&fdate=//&resourcetype=HWCIT.
- ↑ Redhead SA. (2013). "(2128) Proposal to conserve the name Flammula (Fr.) P. Kumm.(Fungi: Agaricales) against Flammula (Webb ex Spach) Fourr. (Spermatophyta: Ranunculaceae)". Taxon 62 (2): 401–2. doi:10.12705/622.16.
- ↑ Rea, Carleton (1922). British Basidiomycetaceae: a Handbook to the Larger British Fungi. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 61.
<ref> tag with name "urlMycoBank: Pholiota" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.External links
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Wikidata ☰ Q584812 entry
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