Biology:Phyllopsora

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Short description: Genus of lichens

Phyllopsora
Phyllopsora furfuracea - Flickr - pellaea.jpg
Phyllopsora furfuracea in Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve, Florida
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Ramalinaceae
Genus: Phyllopsora
Müll.Arg. (1894)
Type species
Phyllopsora breviuscula
(Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
Synonyms[1]
  • Callopis (Müll.Arg.) Gyeln. (1933)
  • Physcidia sect. Callopis Müll.Arg. (1883)
  • Psoromopsis Nyl. (1869)
  • Triclinum Fée (1825)

Phyllopsora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.[2] It was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1894, with Phyllopsora breviuscula assigned as the type species.[3]

The characteristics of a fossilized Phyllopsora, P. dominicana, found in Dominican amber, suggests that the main distinguishing features of the genus have remained unchanged for tens of millions of years.[4]

Description

The genus Phyllopsora is distinguished by its scale-like (squamulose) to almost leaf-like (foliose) body (thallus) that often has a distinct border (prothallus). Its reproductive structures, known as asci, have a unique feature: an amyloid dome and a narrow, cone-shaped central structure. The fruiting bodies (apothecia) of this genus are made up of highly gelatinized (jelly-like) fungal threads. These threads show no clear separation between the different structural layers of the apothecium, and this gelatinized texture is consistent throughout the central and marginal areas of the apothecium as well as in the supporting structures (paraphyses). The ascospores produced by Phyllopsora are small, with thin walls, and are typically not divided into separate compartments (rarely septate).[5]

Species

Phyllopsora isidiolyta
A: Phyllopsora africana; B: P. breviuscula C: P. buettneri

(As of December 2023), Species Fungorum accepts 48 species of Phyllopsora:[6]

  • Phyllopsora amazonica Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[7]
  • Phyllopsora atrocarpa Timdal (2008)[8] – Peru
  • Phyllopsora buettneri (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Phyllopsora borbonica Timdal & Krog (2001)[9]
  • Phyllopsora breviuscula (Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
  • Phyllopsora castaneocincta (Hue) Kistenich & Timdal (2019)
  • Phyllopsora catervisorediata G.K.Mishra, Upreti & Nayaka (2011)[10] – India
  • Phyllopsora chodatinica Elix (2006)[11] – Australia
  • Phyllopsora cinchonarum (Fée) Timdal (2008)[8]
  • Phyllopsora cognata (Nyl.) Timdal (2011)[12]
  • Phyllopsora concinna Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[7]
  • Phyllopsora conwayensis Elix (2006)[11] – Australia
  • Phyllopsora corallina (Eschw.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
  • Phyllopsora dodongensis S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2020)[13] – South Korea
  • Phyllopsora dolichospora Timdal & Krog (2001)[9]
  • Phyllopsora dominicana Rikkinen (2008)[4]
  • Phyllopsora foliata (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Phyllopsora foliatella Elix (2006)[14] – Australia
  • Phyllopsora furfuracea (Pers.) Zahlbr. (1905)
  • Phyllopsora furfurella Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[7]
  • Phyllopsora glaucella (Vain.) Timdal (2008)[8]
  • Phyllopsora glaucescens Timdal (2008)[8] – Peru
  • Phyllopsora gossypina (Sw.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
  • Phyllopsora himalayensis G.K.Mishra, Upreti & Nayaka (2011)[10] – India
  • Phyllopsora hispaniolae Timdal (2011)[12]
  • Phyllopsora homosekikaica Elix (2006)[11] – Australia
  • Phyllopsora imshaugii Timdal (2011)[12]
  • Phyllopsora isidiosa Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[7]
  • Phyllopsora lividocarpa Timdal (2008)[8] – Peru
  • Phyllopsora loekoesii S.Y.Kondr., Farkas, S.O.Oh & Hur (2016)[15]
  • Phyllopsora magna Kaasalainen, Rikkinen & A.R.Schmidt (2017)[16]
  • Phyllopsora methoxymicareica Elix (2006)[11] – Australia
  • Phyllopsora nemoralis Timdal & Krog (2001)[9]
  • Phyllopsora neofoliata Elix (2006)[11] – Australia
  • Phyllopsora neotinica Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[7]
  • Phyllopsora nigrocincta Timdal (2008)[8] – Peru
  • Phyllopsora parvifolia (Pers.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
  • Phyllopsora phaeobyssina (Vain.) Timdal (2011)[12]
  • Phyllopsora pocsii Vězda (2003)
  • Phyllopsora pseudocorallina Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[17] – Asia; Africa
  • Phyllopsora pyxinoides (Nyl.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S.Ekman (2018)
  • Phyllopsora rappiana (Brako) Elix (2006)[14] – Australia
  • Phyllopsora rosei Coppins & P.James (1979)[18] – Europe
  • Phyllopsora sabahana Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[17] – Malaysia
  • Phyllopsora siamensis Kistenich & Timdal (2019)[17] – Thailand
  • Phyllopsora soralifera Timdal (2008)[8] – Peru
  • Phyllopsora subhyalina (Stirt.) Zahlbr. (1926)
  • Phyllopsora swinscowii Timdal & Krog (2001)[9]
  • Phyllopsora teretiuscula Timdal (2011)[12]
  • Phyllopsora tobagensis Timdal (2011)[12]

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy: Phyllopsora Müll. Arg.". Species Fungorum. http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=4072. Retrieved 17 December 2020. 
  2. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. 
  3. ↑ Müller, J. (1894). "Conspectus systematicus lichenum Novae Zelandiae" (in Latin). Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier 2 (App. 1): 1–114. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Rikkinen, Jouko; Poinar, George O. (2008). "A new species of Phyllopsora (Lecanorales, lichen-forming Ascomycota) from Dominican amber, with remarks on the fossil history of lichens". Journal of Experimental Botany 59 (5): 1007–1011. doi:10.1093/jxb/ern004. PMID 18319239. 
  5. ↑ Brako, Lois (1991). Phyllopsora (Bacidiaceae). Flora Neotropica. 55. New York Botanical Garden Press. pp. 1–66. 
  6. ↑ Species Fungorum. "Phyllopsora". Catalogue of Life. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6PR5. Retrieved 17 December 2020. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Kistenich, Sonja; Bendiksby, Mika; Ekman, Stefan; Cáceres, Marcela E. S.; Hernández M., Jesús E.; Timdal, Einar (2019). "Towards an integrative taxonomy of Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae)". The Lichenologist 51 (4): 323–392. doi:10.1017/s0024282919000252. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Timdal, Einar (2008). "Studies on Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in Peru". The Lichenologist 40 (4): 337–362. doi:10.1017/s0024282908007846. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Timdal, E.; Krog, H. (2001). "Further studies on African species of the lichen genus Phyllopsora (Lecanorales)". Mycotaxon 77: 57–89. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mishra, G.K.; Upreti, D.K.; Nayaka, S.; Haridas, B. (2011). "New taxa and new reports of Phyllopsora (lichenized Ascomycotina) from India". Mycotaxon 115: 29–44. doi:10.5248/115.29. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Elix, J.A. (2006). "Five new species of Phyllopsora (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology 59: 23–29. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Timdal, E. (2011). "The lichen genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in the West Indies". Bibliotheca Lichenologica 106: 319–351. 
  13. ↑ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Upreti, D.K.; Mishra, G.K.; Nayaka, S.; Ingle, K. K.; Orlov, O.O.; Kondratiuk, A. S.; Lőkös, L. et al. (2020). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 10". Acta Botanica Hungarica 62 (1–2): 69–108. doi:10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.6. http://real.mtak.hu/143231/1/article-p69.pdf. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Elix, J.A. (2006). "Additional lichen records from Australia 56". Australasian Lichenology 58: 4–13. 
  15. ↑ Kondratyuk, S. Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J. P.; Upreti, D. K.; Mishra, G. K.; Haji Moniri, M.; Farkas, E.; Park, J. S. et al. (2016). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 5". Acta Botanica Hungarica 58 (3–4): 319–396 [349]. doi:10.1556/ABot.58.2016.3-4.7. http://real.mtak.hu/40025/1/abot.58.2016.3-4.7.pdf. 
  16. ↑ Kaasalainen, U.; Heinrichs, J.; Renner, M.A.M.; Hedenäs, L.; Schäfer-Verwimp, A.; Lee, G.E.; Ignatov, M.S.; Rikkinen, J. et al. (2017). "A Caribbean epiphyte community preserved in Miocene Dominican amber". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 107 (2–3): 321–331. doi:10.1017/S175569101700010X. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Kistenich, Sonja; Bendiksby, Mika; Vairappan, Charles S.; Weerakoon, Gothamie; Wijesundara, Siril; Wolseley, Patricia A.; Timdal, Einar (2019). "A regional study of the genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in Asia and Melanesia". MycoKeys 53: 23–72. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.53.33425. PMID 31191113. 
  18. ↑ Coppins, B. J.; James, P. W. (1979). "New or interesting British lichens IV". The Lichenologist 11 (2): 139–179. doi:10.1017/s0024282979000190. 

Wikidata ☰ Q7189356 entry



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