Biology:Picea aurantiaca
| Picea aurantiaca | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Genus: | Picea |
| Species: | P. aurantiaca
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| Binomial name | |
| Picea aurantiaca Mast.
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Picea aurantiaca is a species of conifer in the pine family, Pinaceae.[2][3] It is endemic to China, where it is only known from western Sichuan. Its common name is orange spruce.[1] The tree is generally 30-40 meters tall with leaves that are dark green on the top and have white lines present on the underside. the mature branchlets appear an orange-brown color which is likely where the tree's common name is derived.[4] This species is closely related to Picea asperata and it is sometimes treated as a variety.[1]
Habitat
This tree grows on steep mountain slopes on the edges of forests. It grows in a cold subalpine climate up to about 3800 to 4000 meters in maximum elevation. orange spruce can grow in the range of -5C to -6C but has been shown to respond optimally when the coldest quarter is at 0 °C on average[5] The tree is often found near large deposits of limestone with calcareous soil.[6][4] It can be found alongside Picea likiangensis var. rubescens, Abies squamata, Larix potaninii, and birches.[1]
Habitat modeling
most of the suitable habitat for orange spruce is in a patch on the southeastern corner of the Tibetan plateau. Research done using maximum entropy habitat modeling based on climate change modeling from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 suggests the suitable habitat for orange spruce is expected to move westward covering a larger portion of the plateau in the next 20-70 years.[4] It is hypothesized that an increase in unstable temperatures in some of the current range of orange spruce will be harmful to the growth of many spruce species. This could result in the species migrating to the new potential areas of habitat.[4]
Conservation and threats
orange spruce has historically been threatened by logging for commercial and domestic use where it is often not distinguished from the more abundant species Picea asperata.[4]
in 2014 the Chinese Comprehensive Commercial Logging Ban in All Natural Forests began being implemented in some regions of China. In January 2017 this legislation achieved a full ban of logging in the natural forests of China.[7][1]
This tree has been exported and does exist cultivated in some botanical gardens and arboretums in Europe. At these locations it's noted as growing particularly well on chalky substrate.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Zhang, D.; Li, N.; Katsuki, T.; Rushforth, K. (2013). "Picea aurantiaca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T31277A2803298.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/31277/2803298. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Picea aurantiaca Mast.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:676940-1.
- ↑ "Picea aurantiaca Mast.". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/77J24.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Aljos, Farjon; Filer, Denis (27 April 2010) (in en). A Handbook of the World's Conifers (Revised and Updated ed.). Brill. pp. 562. ISBN 9789047430629.
- ↑ Zhang, Huayong; Yuan, Hang; Zou, Hengchao; Zhu, Xinyu; Zhang, Yihe; Wang, Zhongyu; Liu, Zhao (5 March 2024). "Global Warming Drives Expansion of Endangered Spruce Forest on the Tibetan Plateau" (in en). Sustainability 16 (5). doi:10.3390/su16052164. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/5/2164.
- ↑ Farjon, Aljos; Filer, Denis (15 November 2013) (in en). An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of Their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status (1st ed.). Boston: Brill. pp. 209.
- ↑ Zhang, Ying; Chen, Shuai (1 January 2021). "Wood trade responses to ecological rehabilitation program: Evidence from China's new logging ban in natural forests". Forest Policy and Economics 122. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102339. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389934120306651.
Wikidata ☰ Q5475785 entry
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