Biology:Pinguicula vulgaris

From HandWiki
Short description: Species of flowering plant in the bladderwort family Lentibulariaceae

Pinguicula vulgaris
Scientific classification edit
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lentibulariaceae
Genus: Pinguicula
Species:
P. vulgaris
Binomial name
Pinguicula vulgaris

Pinguicula vulgaris, the common butterwort, is a perennial carnivorous plant in the butterwort genus of the family Lentibulariaceae.

Description

It grows to a height of 3–16 centimetres (1.2–6.3 in), and is topped with a purple, and occasionally white, flower that is 15 millimetres (0.59 in) or longer, and shaped like a funnel. This butterwort grows in damp environments such as bogs and swamps, in low or subalpine elevations.[1] Being native to environments with cold winters, they produce a winter-resting bud (hibernaculum). There are three forms originating from Europe: P. vulgaris f. bicolor, which has petals that are white and purple; P. vulgaris f. albida, which has all white petals; and P. vulgaris f. alpicola, which has larger flowers.[2] The taxonomic status of these forms is not universally recognised – see e.g. The Plant List.[3]

Common butterwort is an insectivorous plant. Its leaves have glands that excrete a sticky fluid that traps insects; the glands also produce enzymes that digest the insects.[4] This serves as a way for the plant to access a source of nitrogen, as they generally grow in soil that is acidic and low in nutrients, such as bogs.[4][5] Insect capture is an adaptation to nutrient-poor conditions, and the plant is highly dependent on insects for nitrogen.[6]

Distribution

It has a generally circumboreal distribution, being native to almost every country in Europe as well as Russia, Canada, and the United States.[5][7] It is generally found growing in places such as bogs, fens, alvars, and other areas with limestone bedrock and alkaline waters.[5]

  • Flower from the side, Niitvälja bog, Estonia
    Flower from the side, Niitvälja bog, Estonia
  • Whole plant, Norway
    Whole plant, Norway
  • Anticosti Island, Mc Donald River[8] bank, Quebec, Canada
    Anticosti Island, Mc Donald River[8] bank, Quebec, Canada
  • Pinguicula vulgaris near Mývatn, northern Iceland
    Pinguicula vulgaris near Mývatn, northern Iceland
  • Anticosti Island, Mc Donald River[8] bank, Quebec, Canada
    Anticosti Island, Mc Donald River[8] bank, Quebec, Canada

References

  1. ↑ Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Lone Pine Publishing, 1994. p. 351
  2. ↑ The Savage Garden, Revised: Cultivating Carnivorous Plants. Random House LLC, 2013.
  3. ↑ "The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1.: Pinguicula vulgaris L.". London, U.K.: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanic Garden. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2537397. Retrieved 2 September 2016. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Nature up close: The carnivorous Butterwort plant". 14 June 2018. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nature-up-close-butterworts/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "A Circumboreal butterwort". 30 December 2015. https://www.indefenseofplants.com/blog/2015/12/30/a-circumboreal-butterwort. 
  6. ↑ Karlsson, P. S.; Carlsson, B. (1984). "Why does Pinguicula vulgaris L. trap insects?". The New Phytologist 97 (1): 25–30. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb04105.x. 
  7. ↑ Anderberg, Arne. "Den Virtuella Floran, Pinguicula vulgaris L.". Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden. http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/lentibularia/pingu/pingvulv.jpg. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Sépaq Anticosti Deer hunting - 2018 season". Sépaq. 2017. https://www.sepaq.com/resources/docs/sepaq-anticosti/cartes-chasse/san_chasse_secteur_mcdonald-carte-1.pdf. "McDonald's River sector: map: 540.62 km², integrates geographic information from government sources" 

Wikidata ☰ Q161658 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Pinguicula_vulgaris&oldid=4480874"