Biology:Pipidae
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The Pipidae are a family of primitive, tongueless frogs. There are 41 species in the family, found in tropical South America (genus Pipa) and sub-Saharan Africa (the three other genera).
Description
Pipid frogs are highly aquatic and have numerous morphological modifications befitting their habitat. For example, the feet are completely webbed, the body is flattened, and a lateral line system is present in adults.[1] In addition, pipids possess highly modified ears for producing and receiving sound under water. They lack a tongue or vocal cords, instead having bony rods in the larynx that help produce sound. They range from 4 to 19 cm (1.6 to 7.5 in) in body length.[2]
Taxonomy
Morphological data suggest that Xenopus is the sister-group of all other pipids,[3][4] whereas molecular data consistently suggest that Pipa is the sister-group of other pipids.[5][6]
Family Pipidae Gray 1825[7]
- Hymenochirus Boulenger 1896 - dwarf clawed frogs (4 species)
- Pipa Laurenti 1768 - Surinam toads (7 species)
- Pseudhymenochirus Chabanaud 1920 - Merlin's dwarf gray frog or Merlin's clawed frog (1 species)
- Xenopus Wagler 1827 - clawed frogs (29 species)[8]
Fossil record
The oldest fossil records of frogs more closely related to pipid frogs than to other extant frog families (Pipimorpha) extends into the Early Cretaceous. The oldest known crown group pipids are Oumtkoutia and Pachycentrata from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco and Niger, respectively.[9]
Included taxa after A. M. Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019[10]
- †Oumtkoutia (Rage and Dutheil 2008) Aoufous Formation, Morocco, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
- †Llankibatrachus (Báez and Pugener 2003) Huitrera Formation, Argentina, Eocene
- †Pachycentrata (Báez and Rage 2004) (= Pachybatrachus Báez and Rage, 1998) In Beceten Formation, Niger, Late Cretaceous (Coniacian)
- †"Shelania" laurenti (Baez and Pugener 1998) Argentina, Eocene
- "Xenopus" romeri (Estes 1975) Companhia National de Cimento Portland Quarry, Brazil, Paleocene
- †Eoxenopoides (Haughton 1931) South Africa, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)
- †Singidella (Báez and Harrison 2005) Tanzania, Eocene
- †Saltenia (Reih 1959) Las Curtiembres Formation, Argentina, Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
However, a more recent analysis suggests that some of these taxa are only close relatives of Pipidae, but outside the crown-group. Furthermore, the composition of this crown clade (in terms of which extinct taxa are included) depends on whether or not the topology is constrained to reflect the molecular tree.[4]
References
- ↑ "AmphibiaWeb: Pipidae". Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. http://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Pipidae.shtml.
- ↑ Zweifel, Richard G. (1998). Cogger, H.G.. ed. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- ↑ Báez, A. M.; Rage, J.-C. (1998). "Pipid frogs from the upper cretaceous of in beceten, niger". Palaeontology 41 (4): 669–691. https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00310239_v41_n4_p669_Baez.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lemierre, Alfred; Bailon, Salvador; Folie, Annelise; Laurin, Michel (January 2023). "A new pipid from the Cretaceous of Africa (In Becetèn, Niger) and early evolution of the Pipidae" (in en). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 21 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2266428. ISSN 1477-2019. Bibcode: 2023JSPal..2166428L.
- ↑ Jetz, Walter; Pyron, R. Alexander (May 2018). "The interplay of past diversification and evolutionary isolation with present imperilment across the amphibian tree of life" (in en). Nature Ecology & Evolution 2 (5): 850–858. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0515-5. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 29581588. Bibcode: 2018NatEE...2..850J.
- ↑ Irisarri, Iker; Vences, Miguel; San Mauro, Diego; Glaw, Frank; Zardoya, Rafael (27 April 2011). "Reversal to air-driven sound production revealed by a molecular phylogeny of tongueless frogs, family Pipidae". BMC Evolutionary Biology 11 (1): 114. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-114. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 21524293. Bibcode: 2011BMCEE..11..114I.
- ↑ Pipidae at the Amphibian Species of the World 6.0 - AMNH
- ↑ Evans, Ben J.; Carter, Timothy F.; Greenbaum, Eli; Gvoždík, Václav; Kelley, Darcy B.; McLaughlin, Patrick J.; Pauwels, Olivier S. G.; Portik, Daniel M. et al. (16 December 2015). "Genetics, Morphology, Advertisement Calls, and Historical Records Distinguish Six New Polyploid Species of African Clawed Frog (Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa" (in en). PLOS ONE 10 (12). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142823. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 26672747.
- ↑ Gómez, Raúl O. (July 2016). "A new pipid frog from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia and early evolution of crown-group Pipidae" (in en). Cretaceous Research 62: 52–64. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.006. Bibcode: 2016CrRes..62...52G. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667116300180.
- ↑ Rolando, Alexis M. Aranciaga; Agnolin, Federico L.; Corsolini, Julián (October 2019). "A new pipoid frog (Anura, Pipimorpha) from the Paleogene of Patagonia. Paleobiogeographical implications" (in en). Comptes Rendus Palevol 18 (7): 725–734. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2019.04.003. Bibcode: 2019CRPal..18..725R.
Bibliography
- Gómez, Raúl O (2016). "A new pipid frog from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia and early evolution of crown-group Pipidae". Cretaceous Research 62: 52–64. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.006. Bibcode: 2016CrRes..62...52G.
- Antoine, P.; Abello, J.A.; Adnet, S.; Altamirano Sierra, A.J.; Baby, P.; Billet, G.; Boivin, M.; Calderón, Y. et al. (2016). "A 60-million-year Cenozoic history of western Amazonian ecosystems in Contamana, eastern Peru". Gondwana Research 31: 30–59. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.11.001. Bibcode: 2016GondR..31...30A. https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/27645/2016%20Jaramillo%20Gondwana%20Res.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
- Ben J. Evans (2015). "Genetics, morphology, advertisement calls, and historical records distinguish six new polyploid species of African Clawed Frog (Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa". PLoS One 10 (12): 1–51. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142823. PMID 26672747.
- Gelfo, J.N.; Ortiz Jaureguizar, E.; Rougier, G.W. (2007). "New remains and species of the 'condylarth' genus Escribania (Mammalia: Didolodontidae) from the Palaeocene of Patagonia, Argentina". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 98 (2): 127–138. doi:10.1017/S1755691007006081. Bibcode: 2007EESTR..98..127G. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230808083. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
- Head, Jason J.; Sánchez Villagra, Marcelo R.; Aguilera, Orangel (2006). "Fossil snakes from the Neogene of Venezuela (Falcon State)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4 (3): 233–240. doi:10.1017/S1477201906001866. Bibcode: 2006JSPal...4..233H. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230559319. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
- Gissi, Carmela; San Mauro, Diego; Pesole, Graziano; Zardoya, Rafael (2006). "Mitochondrial phylogeny of Anura (Amphibia): A case study of congruent phylogenetic reconstruction using amino acid and nucleotide characters". Gene 366 (2): 228–237. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2005.07.034. PMID 16307849.
- Roelants, Kim; Bossuyt, Franky (2005). "Archaeobatrachian paraphyly and pangaean diversification of crown-group frogs". Systematic Biology 54 (1): 111–126. doi:10.1080/10635150590905894. PMID 15805014.
- San Mauro, Diego; Vences, Miguel; Alcobendas, Marina; Rafael, Zardoya; Meyer, Axel (2005). "Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea". American Naturalist 165 (5): 590–599. doi:10.1086/429523. PMID 15795855. https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/3880726/39160_170248y.pdf. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
- Báez, A.M.; Pugener, L.A. (2003). "Ontogeny of a new Palaeogene pipid frog from southern South America and xenopodinomorph evolution". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 139 (3): 439–476. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00085.x. https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/470408.pdf. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
- Báez, A.M.; Trueb, L. (1997). "Redescription of the Paleogene Shelania pascuali from Patagonia and its bearing on the relationships of fossil and Recent pipoid frogs". Natural History Museum, University of Kansas. pp. 1–41. http://bhl-china.org/bhldatas/pdfs/r/redescriptionofp00bzan.pdf.
- A.M. Baez, A.M (1987). "The Late Cretaceous fauna of Los Alamitos, Patagonia, Argentina part III — anurans". Revista del Museo Argentina de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales: Paleontología 3: 121–130. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259038241. Retrieved 2020-03-19.
- Estes, R.; Wake, M.H. (1972). "The first fossil record of caecilian amphibians". Nature 239 (5369): 228–231. doi:10.1038/239228b0. Bibcode: 1972Natur.239..228E.
External links
Data related to Pipidae at Wikispecies
Template:Anura Wikidata ☰ Q56067 entry
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