Biology:Plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex

From HandWiki

Plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex (PAP) is a 1:1 irreversibly formed inactive complex of the enzyme plasmin and its inhibitor α2-antiplasmin.[1][2][3][4] It is a marker of the activity of the fibrinolytic system and a marker of net activation of fibrinolysis.[5][6]

PAP levels are increased with pregnancy[7] and by ethinylestradiol-containing combined birth control pills.[5] Conversely, levels of PAP do not appear to be affected with menopausal hormone therapy.[6] PAP levels have been reported to be elevated in men with prostate cancer.[8]

References

  1. ↑ "Tissue-type plasminogen activator-mediated plasminogen activation and contact activation, implications in and beyond haemostasis". J Thromb Haemost 9 Suppl 1: 174–81. July 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04278.x. PMID 21781253. 
  2. ↑ Blood Coagulation. Elsevier. 1 January 1986. pp. 250–. ISBN 978-0-08-086072-5. OCLC 1058474585. https://books.google.com/books?id=3AnNodh4gZgC&pg=PA250. 
  3. ↑ Jun Teruya, ed (5 January 2021). Management of Bleeding Patients (2 ed.). Springer Nature. pp. 41–. ISBN 978-3-03-056338-7. OCLC 1058318800. https://books.google.com/books?id=XB8SEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41. 
  4. ↑ Laboratory Hematology Practice. John Wiley & Sons. 7 May 2012. pp. 460–. ISBN 978-1-4051-6218-0. OCLC 1039155353. https://books.google.com/books?id=e5b87soaI9cC&pg=PA460. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Oral Contraceptives and Venous Thromboembolism: Focus on Testing that May Enable Prediction and Assessment of the Risk". Semin Thromb Hemost 46 (8): 872–886. November 2020. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1714140. PMID 33080636. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Effects of non-oral postmenopausal hormone therapy on markers of cardiovascular risk: a systematic review". Fertil Steril 90 (3): 642–72. September 2008. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1298. PMID 17923128. 
  7. ↑ "Hemostasis during normal pregnancy and puerperium". Semin Thromb Hemost 29 (2): 125–30. April 2003. doi:10.1055/s-2003-38897. PMID 12709915. 
  8. ↑ "Prostate-specific antigen, prostate cancer, and disorders of hemostasis". Semin Thromb Hemost 35 (7): 654–64. October 2009. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1242719. PMID 20013532. 



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