Biology:Platygramme

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Platygramme is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae consisting of about 27 species.[1] The genus was circumscribed by Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in 1874.[2] The type species of the genus is P. caesiopruinosa.[3] These bark-dwelling lichens are found in moist, shaded forests across tropical and warm temperate regions worldwide, where they form pale crusts that develop distinctive flattened, plate-like fruiting structures. A combination of several features characterizes Platygramme: the brown ascospores, a spore-producing layer (hymenium) speckled with granules, and elongated fruiting bodies ([[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]) with distinctive plate-like structures formed from hardened tissue.[4]

Description

Platygramme forms a smooth, pale grey-green to yellow-olive crust (thallus) that sits flush with the bark and lacks a true [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. Its fruit bodies start as narrow [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] but soon split their thalline cover and expand sideways into plate-like [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]; viewed from above they look more like flattened shields than slits. A colourless to faintly brown [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] lines the disc, and the exposed surface may carry a thin whitish [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]. The clear hymenium is non-[[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], while the thin-walled, Graphis-type asci usually contain eight hyaline ascospores that become distinctly [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]]—divided by a lattice of transverse and longitudinal septa—yet remain iodine-negative (I–). Most species are chemically inert or produce only traces of stictic acid-series depsidones.[5]

The plate-forming discs separate Platygramme from script lichens with permanent slits such as Glyphis and Hemithecium. Unlike Chapsa, whose discs are star-shaped with radiating [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]], Platygramme displays entire, rounded plates; and in contrast to Kalbographa, it lacks vividly coloured anthraquinone pigments and its margins remain pale or only lightly [[Glossary of lichen terms#{{biology:{1}}}|{{Biology:{1}}}]] (blackened).[5]

Habitat and distribution

The genus is pantropical to warm-temperate in distribution. All known species are bark-dwelling (corticolous), occupying shaded boles and large branches in moist evergreen forests from lowland Amazonia and West-Central Africa to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Although tolerant of brief sunflecks, they disappear quickly when canopy cover is removed; their presence therefore signals long-established, relatively undisturbed woodland with high ambient humidity.[5]

Species

As of June 2025, Species Fungorum (as listed in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 27 species of Platygramme.[6]

  • Platygramme arechavaletae (Müll.Arg.) A.W.Archer (2005)[7]
  • Platygramme australiensis Staiger (2002)[8]
  • Platygramme coccinea Seavey & J.Seavey (2014)[9]
  • Platygramme colubrosa (Nyl.) Staiger (2002)[8]
  • Platygramme commutabilis (Kremp.) A.W.Archer (2009)
  • Platygramme computata (Kremp.) A.W.Archer (2007)
  • Platygramme discurrens (Nyl.) Staiger (2002)[8]
  • Platygramme elaeoplaca (Zahlbr.) Z.F.Jia & Lücking (2017)
  • Platygramme elegantula Seavey & J.Seavey (2017)[10]
  • Platygramme fuscescens A.W.Archer (2005)[7] – Australia
  • Platygramme hainanensis Z.F.Jia & Kalb (2012)[11] – China
  • Platygramme impudica (A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer (2005)[7]
  • Platygramme kaalensis (Tuck.) Luch & Lücking (2018)[12]
  • Platygramme lueckingii Z.F.Jia & Kalb (2012)[11] – China
  • Platygramme microspora Sutjar. & Kalb (2014)[13]
  • Platygramme muelleri (A.W.Archer) Staiger (2002)[8]
  • Platygramme pachyspora (Redinger) Staiger (2002)[8]
  • Platygramme pachnodes (Fée) Fée (1874)
  • Platygramme platyloma (Müll.Arg.) M.Nakan. & Kashiw. (2003)[14]
  • Platygramme praestans (Müll.Arg.) Staiger (2002)[8]
  • Platygramme pseudomontagnei (M.Nakan.) M.Nakan. & Kashiw. (2003)[14]
  • Platygramme pudica (Mont. & Bosch) M.Nakan. & Kashiw. (2003)[14]
  • Platygramme subarechavaletae Poengs. & Kalb (2014)[15] – Thailand
  • Platygramme subcolubrosa J.Kalb & Kalb (2017)[16] – Thailand
  • Platygramme taiwanensis (J.C.Wei) Z.F.Jia & Lücking (2017)[17]
  • Platygramme tumulata (Nyl.) Luch & Lücking (2018)[12]
  • Platygramme unirana M.Cáceres, Aptroot & Lücking (2014)[18] – Brazil
  • Platygramme wattiana (Müll.Arg.) V.P.Tewari & Upreti (2008)

References

  1. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; S, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. 
  2. ↑ Fée, A. (1874). "Materiaux pour une flore lichenologique du Bresil, II: Les Graphidées". Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 21: 21–32. doi:10.1080/00378941.1874.10827705. 
  3. ↑ "Platygramme". MycoBank. https://www.mycobank.org/page/Name%20details%20page/97328. 
  4. ↑ Tripp, Erin A.; Lendemer, James C. (2010). "The genus Platygramme in North America". Castanea 75 (3): 388–393. doi:10.2179/10-006.1. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lücking, Robert; Rivas Plata, Eimy (2008). "Clave y guía ilustrada para géneros de Graphidaceae" (in es). GLALIA 1 (1): 1–39. https://archive.org/details/2008_Glalia_1_1. 
  6. ↑ "Platygramme". Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/63LZK. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Archer, A.W. (2005). "New combinations and synonymies in the Australian Graphidacea". Telopea 11 (1): 59–78. doi:10.7751/telopea20055705. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Staiger, Bettina (2002). "Platygramme" (in de). Die Flechtenfamilie Graphidaceae: Studien in Richtung einer natürlichen Gliederung. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 85. pp. 352–369. ISBN 978-3-443-58064-3. 
  9. ↑ Seavey, Frederick; Seavey, Jean (2014). "Four new species and sixteen new lichen records for North America from Everglades National Park". The Bryologist 117 (4): 395–404. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-117.4.395. 
  10. ↑ Seavey, F.; Seavey, J.; Gagnon, J.; Guccion, J.; Kaminsky, B.; Pearson, J.; Podaril, A.; Randall, B. (2017). "The lichens of Dagny Johnson Key Largo Hammock Botanical State Park, Key Largo, Florida, USA". Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 53 (5): 201–268. doi:10.58782/flmnh.yidn8870. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Jia, Ze-Feng; Kalb, Klaus (2013). "Taxonomical studies on the lichen genus Platygramme (Graphidaceae) in China". The Lichenologist 45 (2): 145–151. doi:10.1017/s0024282912000709. https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/34581/1/taxonomical-studies-on-the-lichen-genus-platygramme-graphidaceae-in-china.pdf. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Luch, R.M.; Lücking, R. (2018). "The genus Halegrapha new to Hawaii, with the new and potentially endemic species Halegrapha paulseniana and an updated checklist for Hawaiian lirellate Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales)". Willdenowia 48 (3): 415–423. doi:10.3372/wi.48.48311. 
  13. ↑ Sutjaritturakan, J.; Saipunkaew, W.; Boonpragob, K.; Kalb, K. (2014). "New species of Graphidaceae (Ostropales) Lecanoromycetes) from southern Thailand". Phytotaxa 189 (1): 312–324. doi:10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.189.1.22. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Nakanishi, M.; Kashiwadani, H.; Moon, K.H. (2003). "Taxonomical notes on Japanese Graphidaceae (Ascomycotina), including some new combinations". Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo 29: 83–90. 
  15. ↑ Poengsungnoen, V.; Manoch, L.; Mongkolsuk, P.; Kalb, K. (2014). "New species of Graphidaceae from Loei Province, Thailand". Phytotaxa 189 (1): 255–267. doi:10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.189.1.18. 
  16. ↑ Kalb, Jutarat; Kalb, Klaus (2017). "New lichen species from Thailand, new combinations and new additions to the Thai lichen biota". Phytotaxa 332 (2): 141. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.332.2.2. http://publication.plazi.org/id/9824FF91224FFFD62E1AFF816F4FFFA8. 
  17. ↑ Jia, Z.F.; Lücking, R. (2017). "Resolving the species of the lichen genus Graphina Müll. Arg. in China, with some new combinations". MycoKeys (25): 13–29. 
  18. ↑ Cáceres, Marcela E.S.; Aptroot, André; Parnmen, Sittiporn; Lücking, Robert (2014). "Remarkable diversity of the lichen family Graphidaceae in the Amazon rain forest of Rondônia, Brazil". Phytotaxa 189 (1): 87–136. doi:10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.189.1.8. 

Wikidata ☰ Q10633368 entry



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