Biology:Beardfish

Short description: Genus of fishes

Beardfishes Temporal range: Turonian–present PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Stout Beardfish, (P. nobilis)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
(unranked):	Acanthomorpha
Order:	Polymixiiformes
Family:	Polymixiidae Bleeker, 1859
Type species
Polymixia nobilis R. T. Lowe, 1838
Families
†Boreiohydriidae Murray & Cumbaa 2013 †Digoriidae Bannikov 1985 Polymixiidae Gill 1862
Synonyms
Polymixioidei Bleeker 1859

The beardfishes consist of a single extant genus, Polymixia, of deep-sea marine ray-finned fish named for their pair of long hyoid barbels. They are classified in their own order Polymixiiformes /pɒliˈmɪksi.ɪfɔːrmiːz/. But as Nelson says, "few groups have been shifted back and forth as frequently as this one, and they were recently added to Paracanthoptergii". For instance, they have previously been classified as belonging to the Beryciformes. They are of little economic importance.

They are found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and western Pacific Ocean. They are bottom-dwelling fish, found down to about 800 m (2,600 ft) depth. Most are relatively small fish, although one species, Polymixia berndti, is over 40 cm (16 in) in length.

The earliest fossils are from the Turonian of Canada , from the former Western Interior Seaway.

Classification

• Order Polymixiiformes Rosen & Patterson, 1969
  • Genus †Cumbaaichthys Murray 2016
    • †Cumbaaichthys oxyrhynchus Murray 2016
  • Family †Boreiohydriidae Murray & Cumbaa 2013
    • Genus †Boreiohydrias Murray & Cumbaa 2013
      • †Boreiohydrias dayi Murray & Cumbaa 2013
  • Family †Digoriidae Bannikov 1985
    • Genus †Digoria Jordan 1923
      • †Digoria ambigua Jordan 1923
  • Family Polymixiidae Gill 1862 [Berycopsidae Regan 1911; Dalmatichthyidae Radovčić 1975; Omosomopsidae Gaudant 1978; Homonotichthyidae Whitley 1933]
    • Genus †Apricenaichthys Taverne 2011
      • †Apricenaichthys italicus
    • Genus †Berycopsia Radovčić 1975
      • †Berycopsia inopinnata Radovčić 1975
    • Genus †Berycopsis Dixon 1850 [Platycormus von der Marck 1900]
      • †B. elegans Dixon 1850 [Platycormus elegans (Dixon 1850)]
      • †B. germana (Agassiz 1839) [Beryx germanus Agassiz 1839; Platycormus germanus (Agassiz 1839)]
      • †B. pulcher Bannikov & Bacchia 2004
    • Genus †Dalmatichthys Radovčić 1975
      • †Dalmatichthys malezi Radovčić 1975
    • Genus †Homonotichthys Whitley 1933
      • †H. dorsalis (Dixon 1850) [Homonotus dorsalis Dixon 1850]
      • †H. elegans (Dixon 1850) [Homonotus elegans Dixon 1850]
      • †H. rotundus (Woodward 1902) [Homonotus rotundus Woodward 1902]
    • Genus †Magrebichthys Murray & Wilson 2014
      • †Magrebichthys nelsoni Murray & Wilson 2014
    • Genus †Omosoma Costa 1857
      • †O. garretti Bardack 1976
      • †O. pulchellum Davis 1887
      • †O. sahelaimae Costa 1857
      • †O. tselfatense Gaudant 1978
    • Genus †Omosomopsis Gaudant 1978
      • †Omosomopsis sima (Arambourg 1954) Gaudant 1978
    • Genus †Parapolymyxia David 1946
    • Genus †Pycnosterinx Heckel 1849 [Imogaster Costa 1857]
      • †P. discoides Heckel 1849
      • †P. dorsalis Pictet 1850
      • †P. heckelii Pictet 1850
      • †P. latus Davis 1887
      • †P. russeggeri Heckel 1849 [Homonotus pulcher Davis 1886]
    • Genus Polymixia Lowe 1836 [Dinemus Poey 1860; Nemobrama Valenciennes 1860 non Jordan, Evermann & Clark 1930]
      • P. berndti Gilbert 1905 (Pacific beardfish)
      • P. busakhini Kotlyar 1993 (Busakhin's beardfish)
      • P. fusca Kotthaus 1970
      • P. japonica Günther 1877 (Silver eye)
      • P. longispina Deng, Xiong & Zhan 1983 [Polymixia kawadae Okamura & Ema 1985]
      • P. lowei Günther 1859 (Beardfish)
      • P. nobilis Lowe 1838 [Nemobrama webbii Valenciennes 1837; Dinemus venustus Poey 1860; Polymixia nobilis virginica Nichols & Firth 1936] (Stout beardfish)
      • †P. polita Schwarzhans 2012
      • P. salagomeziensis Kotlyar 1991
      • P. sazonovi Kotlyar 1992
      • P. yuri Kotlyar 1982

Timeline of genera

<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px

Period = from:-145.5 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-145.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-145.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify

Colors =

#legends
 id:CAR	  value:claret
 id:ANK 	 value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196)
 id:HER	  value:teal
 id:HAD	  value:green
 id:OMN	  value:blue
 id:black        value:black
 id:white        value:white
 id:cretaceous   value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31)
 id:earlycretaceous   value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65)
 id:latecretaceous   value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37)
 id:cenozoic     value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
 id:paleogene     value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) 
 id:paleocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) 
 id:eocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) 
 id:oligocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) 
 id:neogene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) 
 id:miocene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) 
 id:pliocene     value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68)  
 id:quaternary   value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5)
 id:pleistocene   value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68)
 id:holocene   value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)

BarData=

bar:eratop
bar:space
bar:periodtop
bar:space
bar:NAM1
bar:NAM2
bar:NAM3
bar:NAM4
bar:NAM5
bar:NAM6
bar:NAM7
bar:NAM8
bar:NAM9
bar:NAM10

bar:space
bar:period
bar:space
bar:era

PlotData=

align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 
shift:(7,-4)
 
bar:periodtop
from: -145.5    till: -99.6    color:earlycretaceous    text:Early
from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:Late
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleo.
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eo. 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligo.            
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Mio.
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Pl.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pl.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

bar:eratop
from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:Cretaceous
from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene         
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

PlotData=

align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM1 from:-99.6    till:-97.6 text:Aipichthyoides
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM2 from:-99.6    till:-97.6 text:Aipichthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3 from:-99.6    till:-97.6 text:Paraipichthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM4  from:-99.6    till:-93.5 text:Homonotichthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM5  from:-99.6    till:-70.6 text:Omosoma
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM6  from:-99.6    till:-70.6 text:Berycopsis
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-93.5    till:-89.3 text:Berycopsia
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM8  from:-89.3    till:-65.5 text:Dalmatichthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM9  from:-85.8    till:-83.5 text:Pycnosterinx
color:eocene bar:NAM10  from:-37.2    till:0 text:Polymixia

PlotData=

align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25

bar:period
from: -145.5    till: -99.6    color:earlycretaceous    text:Early
from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:Late
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleo.
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eo. 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligo.            
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Mio.
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Pl.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pl.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

bar:era
from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:Cretaceous
from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene         
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

</timeline>

References

• Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class. Retrieved 2011-05-17. 

Wikidata ☰ {{{from}}} entry