Biology:Procolophoninae

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Procolophoninae is an extinct subfamily of procolophonid parareptiles from the late Early Triassic to the early Middle Triassic (Olenekian and Anisian stages) of Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe and South America. Currently, the oldest-known procolophonine is Procolophon from the earliest Olenekian stage.[1]

Phylogeny

Procolophoninae was named in 1890 by Richard Lydekker. It is a stem-based taxon defined phylogenetically for the first time by Modesto et al. (2002) as "all taxa more related to Procolophon trigoniceps Owen, 1876 than to Leptopleuron lacertinum Owen, 1851".[2] The cladogram below follows Ruta et al. 2011.[1]

Procolophonidae
 

Coletta

 
 

Pintosaurus

 
 

Sauropareion

 
 
 

Phaanthosaurus

 
 
Theledectinae
 

"E." dongshengensis

 
 

Theledectes

 
 
 
 

Tichvinskia

 
 
 

Leptopleuroninae

 
Procolophoninae
 
 

E. bathycephalus

 
 
 

Procolophon

 
 

Teratophon

 
 

Thelerpeton

 
 
 
 
 

Timanophon

 
 
 

Thelephon

 
 
 

Anomoiodon

 
 

Kapes

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Below are two cladograms that follow phylogenetic analyses by Butler et al. (2023):[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Marcello Ruta; Juan C. Cisneros; Torsten Liebrect; Linda A. Tsuji; Johannes Muller (2011). "Amniotes through major biological crises: faunal turnover among Parareptiles and the end-Permian mass extinction". Palaeontology 54 (5): 1117–1137. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01051.x. 
  2. ↑ Juan Carlos Cisneros (2008). "Phylogenetic relationships of procolophonid parareptiles with remarks on their geological record". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6 (3): 345–366. doi:10.1017/S1477201907002350. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228668525. 
  3. ↑ Butler, R. J.; Meade, L. E.; Cleary, T. J.; McWhirter, K. T.; Brown, E. E.; Kemp, T. S.; Benito, J.; Fraser, N. C. (2023). "Hwiccewyrm trispiculum gen. et sp. nov., a new leptopleuronine procolophonid from the Late Triassic of southwest England". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25316. PMID 37735997. https://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/206767176/The_Anatomical_Record_2023_Butler.pdf. 

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