Biology:Protohermes
| Protohermes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Protohermes grandis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Megaloptera |
| Family: | Corydalidae |
| Subfamily: | Corydalinae |
| Genus: | Protohermes Van der Weele |
Protohermes is a genus of dobsonflies in the family Corydalidae.[1] Protohermes is the most specious and widely distributed genus within Megaloptera, but up to 85% of species are restricted to small endemic areas in Asia.[2][3] This endemism may be a result of an association with high elevation and high slope streams in Northern Vietnam and China.
Description
Adult Protohermes generally have yellow coloration with white spots on the wings.[2] The male genetalia region is diverse across the genus and can be useful for species-level identification, especially the shape and size of the tenth tergum and the subgenital plate at the ninth sternum. Nuptial gifts in Protohermes may as large as 20% of the total body mass of the male and can require up to 2 days to recover before mating again.[4]
The size and phenology of larvae is closely tied to the availability of different sizes of prey.[5] Dwarfism occurs in populations on islands and peninsulas as a result of fewer species of large prey, and maturation may be synchronous with prey in locations with seasonal variability. Larger larvae do not consume smaller prey, and they actively select prey as an ambush predator.[6] Larvae are motionless 90% of the time during the day, but do change position on the stream bed during the night.[7]
Taxonomy
Protohermes contains the following species:
- Protohermes costalis species-group[2]
- Protohermes acutatus[1]
- Protohermes costalis[1]
- Protohermes basiflavus[1]
- Protohermes disjunctus[1]
- Protohermes lii[1]
- Protohermes yunnanensis[1]
- Protohermes arunachalensis[1]
- Protohermes fujianensis[1]
- Protohermes hunanensis[1]
- Protohermes yangi[1]
- Protohermes gutianensis[1]
- Protohermes orientalis[1]
- Protohermes similis[1]
- Protohermes triangulatus[1]
- Protohermes sinensis[1]
- Protohermes basimaculatus[1]
- Protohermes stigmosus[1]
- Protohermes niger[1]
- Protohermes changninganus species-group[8]
- Protohermes latus[1]
- Protohermes sublunatus[1]
- Protohermes davidi[1]
- Protohermes guangxiensis[1]
- Protohermes impunctatus[1]
- Protohermes sichuanensis[1]
- Protohermes motuoensis[1]
- Protohermes piaoacanus[1]
- Protohermes sonus[1]
- Protohermes zhuae[1]
- Protohermes decolor[1]
- Protohermes sabahensis[1]
- Protohermes fruhstorferi[1]
- Protohermes spectabilis[1]
- Protohermes immaculatus[1]
- Protohermes assamensis[1]
- Protohermes differentialis[1]
- Protohermes cavaleriei[1]
- Protohermes dimaculatus[1]
- Protohermes furcatus[1]
- Protohermes xanthodes[1]
- Protohermes infectus[1]
- Protohermes burmanus[1]
- Protohermes karubei[1]
- Protohermes chebalingensis[1]
- Protohermes congruens[1]
- Protohermes curvicornis[1]
- Protohermes dulongjiangensis[1]
- Protohermes flavinervus[1]
- Protohermes flinti[1]
- Protohermes goodgeri[1]
- Protohermes ohli[1]
- Protohermes tenellus[1]
- Protohermes owadai[1]
- Protohermes pennyi[1]
- Protohermes stangei[1]
- Protohermes subparcus[1]
- Protohermes tortuosus[1]
- Protohermes ishizukai[1]
- Protohermes sinuolatus[1]
- Protohermes hainanensis[1]
- Protohermes horni[1]
- Protohermes hubeiensis[1]
- Protohermes axillatus[1]
- Protohermes festivus[1]
- Protohermes montanus[1]
- Protohermes flavipennis[1]
- Protohermes bellulus[1]
- Protohermes cangyuanensis[1]
- Protohermes parcus[1]
- Protohermes striatulus[1]
- Protohermes concolorus[1]
- Protohermes uniformis[1]
- Protohermes vitalisi[1]
- Protohermes walkeri[1]
- Protohermes weelei[1]
- Protohermes grandis[1]
- Protohermes dichrous[1]
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.67 1.68 1.69 1.70 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.74 1.75 1.76 1.77 1.78 1.79 1.80 1.81 "Genus Protohermes" (in en-US). https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/244350-Protohermes.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 LIU, XINGYUE; HAYASHI, FUMIO; YANG, DING (2007-04-02). "Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)". Zootaxa 1439 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1439.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1439.1.1.
- ↑ LIU, XINGYUE; HAYASHI, FUMIO; YANG, DING (2009-07-01). "Notes on the genus Protohermes van der Weele (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) from Vietnam, with description of two new species". Zootaxa 2146 (1): 22–34. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2146.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2146.1.2.
- ↑ Hayashi, Fumio (1993). "Male mating costs in two insect species (Protohermes, Megaloptera) that produce large spermatophores". Animal Behaviour 45 (2): 343–349. doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1039. ISSN 0003-3472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1039.
- ↑ Hayashi, Fumio (1994), "Life-history patterns in 15 populations of Protohermes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae): Effects of prey size and temperature", Insect life-cycle polymorphism (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands): pp. 227–243, ISBN 978-90-481-4401-3, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1888-2_11, retrieved 2023-02-12
- ↑ HAYASHI, FUMIO (1988). "Prey selection by the dobsonfly larva, Protohermes grandis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)". Freshwater Biology 20 (1): 19–29. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb01713.x. ISSN 0046-5070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1988.tb01713.x.
- ↑ Hayashi, Fumio; Nakane, Masatoshi (1989). "Radio tracking and activity monitoring of the dobsonfly larva, Protohermes grandis (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)". Oecologia 78 (4): 468–472. doi:10.1007/bf00378735. ISSN 0029-8549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378735.
- ↑ Liu, Xingyue; Yang, Ding (2005). "Revision of theProtohermes changningensisspecies group from China (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae)". Aquatic Insects 27 (3): 167–178. doi:10.1080/01650420500054904. ISSN 0165-0424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650420500054904.
Wikidata ☰ Q11847177 entry
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