Biology:Pseudhipparion
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Short description: Extinct genus of mammals
| Pseudhipparion | |
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| Pseudhipparion retrusum skull, Museo di Paleontologia di Firenze | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Family: | Equidae |
| Subfamily: | Equinae |
| Tribe: | †Hipparionini |
| Genus: | †Pseudhipparion Ameghino, 1904 |
| Species | |
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Pseudhipparion is an extinct genus of three-toed horse endemic to North America during the Miocene.[1][2][3][4] They were herding animals whose diet consisted of C3 plants.[5][6][7] Fossils found in Georgia and Florida indicate that it was a lightweight horse, weighing up to 90 pounds (40 kilograms).[8] In 2005, fossils were unearthed in Oklahoma.[9] Seven species of Pseudhipparion are known from the fossil record which were very small, following the trend of Bergmann's rule.[10]
References
- ↑ Hulbert, R. C.; Czaplewski, N. J.; Webb, S. D. (2005). "New records of Pseudhipparion simpsoni (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Hemphillian of Oklahoma and Florida". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (3): 737. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0737:NROPSM2.0.CO;2].
- ↑ S.D. Webb, Richard C. Hulbert; Hulbert (Jan 1986). "Systematics and evolution of Pseudhipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Neogene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains". Rocky Mountain Geology 24: 237–272. doi:10.2113/gsrocky.24.special_paper_3.237. ISBN 0941570029. https://archive.org/details/vertebratesphylo0000unse/page/237.
- ↑ Baskin, Jon A. (1991). "Early Pliocene Horses from Late Pleistocene Fluvial Deposits, Gulf Coastal Plain, South Texas". Journal of Paleontology 65 (6): 995–1006. doi:10.1017/S0022336000033308. ISSN 0022-3360. Bibcode: 1991JPal...65..995B. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1305832.
- ↑ Hulbert, Richard C. (1987). "Late Neogene Neohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Florida and Texas". Journal of Paleontology 61 (4): 809–830. doi:10.1017/S0022336000029152. ISSN 0022-3360. Bibcode: 1987JPal...61..809H. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1305291.
- ↑ Feranec, Robert S.; MacFadden, Bruce J. (2006). "Isotopic Discrimination of Resource Partitioning among Ungulates in C3-Dominated Communities from the Miocene of Florida and California". Paleobiology 32 (2): 191–205. doi:10.1666/05006.1. ISSN 0094-8373. Bibcode: 2006Pbio...32..191F. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4096995.
- ↑ MacFadden, Bruce J.; Solounias, Nikos; Cerling, Thure E. (1999). "Ancient Diets, Ecology, and Extinction of 5-Million-Year-Old Horses from Florida". Science 283 (5403): 824–827. doi:10.1126/science.283.5403.824. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9933161. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2897243.
- ↑ MacFadden, Bruce J. (2000). "Cenozoic Mammalian Herbivores from the Americas: Reconstructing Ancient Diets and Terrestrial Communities". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31: 33–59. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.33. ISSN 0066-4162. https://www.jstor.org/stable/221724.
- ↑ "19A; Two Small Primitive Horses from Taylor County" (in en). https://www.georgiasfossils.com/19a-two-small-primitive-horses-from-taylor-county.html.
- ↑ Hulbert, Richard C.; Czaplewski, Nicholas J.; Webb, S. David (2005-09-30). [0737:nropsm2.0.co;2 "New records ofPseudhipparion simpsoni(Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Hemphillian of Oklahoma and Florida"]. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (3): 737–740. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0737:nropsm2.0.co;2]. ISSN 0272-4634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0737:nropsm]2.0.co;2.
- ↑ David Webb, S.; Hulbert, Richard C. (1986), "Systematics and evolution ofPseudhipparion(Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Neogene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains", Vertebrates, Phylogeny, and Philosophy (Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming): pp. 237–272, doi:10.2113/gsrocky.24.special_paper_3.237, ISBN 0941570029, http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsrocky.24.special_paper_3.237, retrieved 2022-09-01
Wikidata ☰ Q16947144 entry
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