Biology:Pseudoscada erruca
| Pseudoscada erruca | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Pseudoscada |
| Species: | P. erruca
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| Binomial name | |
| Pseudoscada erruca (Hewitson, 1855)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Pseudoscada erruca is a South-American species of brush-footed butterfly in the Godyridina subtribe of Ithomiini.[2] It was described in 1855 by William Chapman Hewitson as Ithomia erruca.[1][3]
Distribution and habitat
The type locality of Pseudoscada erruca is Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil .[1][3] It also occurs in other parts of Brazil, such as Pernambuco,[4] and in Argentina .[1]
Pseudoscada erruca occurs in humid habitats with a permanent presence of water.[4] Research in 2009 on the frequency of occurrence of species in tribe Ithomiini in old-growth tropical forest versus nearby fragmented landscapes[lower-alpha 1] found that the presence of P. erruca was more frequent in the latter than the former.[5]
Behaviour
Females deposit individual eggs on the underside of leaves of Sessea brasiliensis and less commonly Cestrum spp., with a preference for plants at a height between 1 and 1.5 m in shaded spots.[2] Larvae feed from the leaves of the plant on which they hatch, generally developing better on S. brasiliensis than on Cestrum species.[2] Adults drink nectar, with a preference for the flowers of Rubus rosaefolius.[6] Adults of P. erruca are on wing in both dry and rainy seasons.[4]
Parasitoids
Pseudoscapa erruca is host to multiple species of parasitoid wasps, with at least one species each from genera Telenomus, Trichogramma, Diadegma and Mesochorus.[2] It has also been found parasitized by a tachinid fly species.[2]
Footnotes and references
Footnotes
- ↑ per the research, these landscapes consist of Template:In"[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Savela, Markku. "Pseudoscada". http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/danainae/pseudoscada/. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 De Abreu, Verediana (2019). História natural e dinâmica populacional dos imaturos de Pseudoscada erruca (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini) e seus parasitoides em sua planta hospedeira Sessea brasiliensis (Solanaceae) [Natural history and population dynamics of immature stages of Pseudoscada erruca (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini) and their parasitoids on host plant Sessea brasiliensis (Solanaceae)] (PDF) (Master in Ecology) (in Portuguese). Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Retrieved 1 September 2022.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I. et al., eds (2003). Expression error: Missing operand for trunc. "Pseudoscada erruca". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/lepindex/detail/?taxonno=Expression error: Missing operand for trunc..
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Nobre, Carlos Eduardo B.; Schlindwein, Clemens; Mielke, Olaf H. (16 April 2008). "The butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) of the Catimbau National Park, Pernambuco, Brazil". Zootaxa 1751 (1): 35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1751.1.3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/52010868. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Uehara-Prado, Marcio; Freitas, André V.L. (February 2009). "The effect of rainforest fragmentation on species diversity and mimicry ring composition of ithomiine butterflies". Insect Conservation and Diversity 2 (1): 24–25. doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2008.00025.x. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230144748. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
- ↑ Freitas, AVL (1996). "Population biology of Heterosais edessa(Nymphalidae) and its associated Atlantic forest Ithomiinae community". Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 50 (4): 279–284. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278963665. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
Wikidata ☰ Q3409869 entry
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