Biology:Psychoactive Amanita mushroom
A psychoactive Amanita mushroom is a fungus that is psychoactive but not deadly. They contain isoxazoles like muscimol and/or ibotenic acid. Isoxazoles has been identified not only in Amanitas but also in Tricholoma muscarium for example.
Species
Amanita muscaria
Amanita pantherina
A. pantherina is also known as panther mushroom.
Amanita pantherina variety:
- Amanita pantherina var. abietum (E.-J. Gilbert) Veselý[1]
Toxicity
Entheogen
Although a few species of "Amanita" are edible, many fungi experts advise against eating a member of "Amanita" unless the species is known with absolute certainty.
Amanita muscaria was widely used as an entheogen by many of the indigenous peoples of Siberia. Its use was known among almost all of the Uralic-speaking peoples of western Siberia and the Paleosiberian-speaking peoples of the Russian Far East. There are only isolated reports of A. muscaria use among the Tungusic and Turkic peoples of central Siberia and it is believed that on the whole entheogenic use of A. muscaria was not practised by these peoples.[2]
Amanita pantherina contains the psychoactive compound muscimol,[3] but is used as an entheogen much less often than its much more distinguishable relative Amanita muscaria.
Research
A number of other species has been identified to contain psychoactive substances, but the toxicity is not well documented.
- Amanita
- Tricholoma
Legal status
References
- ↑ "infraspecific taxa of pantherina - Amanitaceae.org - Taxonomy and Morphology of Amanita and Limacella" (in en). http://www.amanitaceae.org/?species%20pantherina.
- ↑ Nyberg, H. (1992). "Religious use of hallucinogenic fungi: A comparison between Siberian and Mesoamerican Cultures". Karstenia 32 (71–80).
- ↑ Barceloux D. G. (2008). "41 (Isoxazole-containing mushrooms and pantherina syndrome)" (PDF). Medical toxicology of natural substances: foods, fungi, medicinal herbs, plants, and venomous animals. Canada: John Wiley and Sons Inc.. pp. 298. ISBN 978-0-471-72761-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=CpqzhHc072AC&pg=PA298&dq=amanita+pantherina#v=onepage&q=amanita%20pantherina&f=false.
- ↑ "Erowid Psychoactive Amanitas Vault : Amanita gemmata (Gemmed Amanita)". https://www.erowid.org/plants/amanitas/amanitas_gemmata.shtml.
- ↑ "Erowid Psychoactive Amanitas Vault : Amanita muscaria var. regalis (Fly Agaric variety)". http://www.erowid.org/plants/amanitas/amanitas_muscaria_regalis.shtml.
- ↑ "Erowid Psychoactive Amanitas Vault : Info on Ibotenic Acid & Muscimol". http://www.erowid.org/plants/amanitas/amanitas_info_ott.shtml.
- ↑ "Amanita pantherina var. pantherina - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" (in en). http://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/amanita-pantherina-var-pantherina.
 |
