Biology:Pycnarrhena
Pycnarrhena is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Menispermaceae. Its native range is tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia.[1]
Description
All species are either lianes or scrambling shrubs, without spines or barbs. The petioles (leaf stems) are swollen at the base and usually also at the attachment with the leaf blade. The plants are Template:Botanygloss, meaning that male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. Inflorescences appear on the woody stems or in the Template:Botanygloss. The fruit are drupes.[2][3]
Distribution
The species of Pycnarrhena predominantly inhabit rainforests, and are variously native to the following regions as defined in the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions:[1][4]
- Indian subcontinent: Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya
- China: China South-Central, Hainan
- Indo-China: Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam
- Malesia: Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera
- Papuasia: Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Islands
- Australia: Queensland
- Southwestern Pacific: Vanuatu
Taxonomy
Pycnarrhena is placed in the tribe Tiliacoreae of the family Menispermaceae, and is sister to the genera Chondrodendron, Curarea, Carronia, Triclisia, Tiliacora, Beirnaertia, and Albertisia.[5] Pycnarrhena was established in 1855 by botanist John Miers with the sole species P. planiflora.[6]
As of April 2026[update], Plants of the World Online accepts the following 15 species:[1]
- Pycnarrhena calocarpa (Kurz) Diels
- Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers) Diels
- Pycnarrhena fasciculata (Miers) Diels
- Pycnarrhena heptandra I.M.Turner
- Pycnarrhena insignis (Hatus.) Forman
- Pycnarrhena longifolia (Decne. ex Miq.) Becc.
- Pycnarrhena lucida (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq.
- Pycnarrhena manillensis S.Vidal
- Pycnarrhena montana Backer
- Pycnarrhena nodiflora (Pierre) I.M.Turner
- Pycnarrhena novoguineensis Miq.
- Pycnarrhena ozantha Diels
- Pycnarrhena planiflora Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson
- Pycnarrhena poilanei (Gagnep.) Forman
- Pycnarrhena tumefacta Miers
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Pycnarrhena Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2026. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:26998-1.
- ↑ Forman, L.L. (2022). "Pycnarrhena Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Pycnarrhena.
- ↑ Forman, L.L. (1984). "Menispermaceae". Flora Malesiana - Series 1, Spermatophyta 10 (1): 157–253. https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/532690/. Retrieved 6 April 2026.
- ↑ Brummitt, R.K. (2001). World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (2nd ed.). International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases For Plant Sciences (TDWG). https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tdwg/wgsrpd/master/109-488-1-ED/2nd%20Edition/TDWG_geo2.pdf. Retrieved 7 April 2026.
- ↑ Lian, Lian; Peng, Huan-Wen; Ortiz, Rosa Del C.; Jabbour, Florian; Gao, Tian-Gang; Erst, Andrey S.; Chen, Zhi-Duan; Wang, Wei (2023). "Phylogeny and biogeography of Tiliacoreae (Menispermaceae), a tribe restricted to tropical rainforests". Annals of Botany 131 (4): 685–695. doi:10.1093/aob/mcad023. PMID 36721969.
- ↑ Hooker, Joseph Dalton; Thomson, Thomas (1855). Flora indica: being a systematic account of the plants of British India. London: W. Pamplin. p. 206. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13175249.
<ref> tag with name "COL" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.Wikidata ☰ Q9064917 entry
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