Biology:Pygocephalomorpha

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The order Pygocephalomorpha is an extinct group of peracarid crustaceans. Pygocephalomorpha appeared in the Late Devonian,[1] were abundant from the Carboniferous era until their extinction in the Early Permian era.[2][3]

This group constituted part of the freshwater and aquatic crustacean assemblages. The carapace is relatively axially shortened, with a prominent gastric region. Laterally, a cervical groove is visible, with carapace margins which is defined by an acute spine or process, including somewhat well developed branchiostegites".[4]

Taxonomy

The order contains extinct five families, and seven genera incertae sedis:[5][6]

  • †Jerometichenoriidae Schram, 1978
    • †Jerometichenoria Schram, 1978
  • †Notocarididae Brooks, 1962
    • †Notocaris Broom, 1931
    • †Paulocaris Clarke, 1920
  • †Pygocephalidae Brooks, 1962
    • †Anthracaris Brooks, 1962
    • †Mamayocaris Brooks, 1962
    • †Pygocephalus Huxley, 1857
  • †?Tealliocarididae Brooks, 1962 (Affinity as pygocephalomorph is uncertain[7])
    • †Tealliocaris Peach, 1908
    • †Laevitealliocaris Yang et al., 2018
  • †Tylocarididae Taylor, Yan-Bin & Schram, 1998
    • †Chaocaris Shen, 1983
    • †Fujianocaris Taylor, Yan-Bin & Schram, 1998
    • †Liocaris Beurlen, 1931
    • †Pseudogalathea Peach, 1883
    • †Tylocaris Taylor, Yan-Bin & Schram, 1998
  • †Pygocephalomorpha incertae sedis
    • †Bellocaris Fong, 1972
    • †Hoplita Pineiro, Morosi & Ramos, 2012
    • †Iraticaris Adami-Rodrigues, Pazinato & Pinto, 2016
    • †Permocaris Adami-Rodrigues, Pazinato & Pinto, 2016
    • †Pittinucaris Adami-Rodrigues, Pazinato & Pinto, 2016
    • †Pygaspis Beurlen, 1934
    • †Sosiocaris Jones, 2015

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of Pygocephalomorpha after Astrop 2026.[8]

†Pygocephalomorpha
 

†Liocaris sp.

 
 
 

†Anthracaris gracilis

 
 
 
 

†Jerometichenoria grandis

 
 
 
 

†Mamayocaris jepseni

 
 

†Mamayocaris serendipitous

 
 
Pygocephalus
 

†Pygocephalus cooperi

 
 
 

†Pygocephalus aisenvergi

 
 
 

†Pygocephalus brymboensis 100px

 
 

†Pygocephalus dubius

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

†Paulocaris pachecoi

 
 
 

†Pseudogalathea macconochiei

 
 
 
 

†Tylocaris asiaticus

 
 

†Fujianocaris bifurcatus

 
 
 
 

†Schramocaris gilljonesorum

 
†Tealliocaris
 

†Tealliocaris woodwardi

 
 
 

†Tealliocaris robusta

 
 

†Tealliocaris etheridgii 100px

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gueriau, Pierre; Charbonnier, Sylvain; Clément, Gaël (2014). "First decapod crustaceans in a Late Devonian continental ecosystem" (in en). Palaeontology 57 (6): 1203–1213. doi:10.1111/pala.12111. ISSN 1475-4983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pala.12111. 
  2. ↑ Marjorie L. Reaka-Kudla (2002). "Habitat specialization and its relation to conservation policy in Crustacea". in Elva Escobar-Briones, Fernando Alvarez. Modern approaches to the study of Crustacea. Springer. pp. 211–221. ISBN 978-0-306-47366-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=H_u6HHgd2bMC&pg=PA215. 
  3. ↑ Pazinato, Paula Giovana; Soares, Marina Bento; Adami-Rodrigues, Karen (2016). "Systematic and palaeoecological significance of the first record of Pygocephalomorpha females bearing oöstegites (Malacostraca, Peracarida) from the lower Permian of southern Brazil" (in en). Palaeontology 59 (6): 817–826. doi:10.1111/pala.12260. ISSN 1475-4983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pala.12260. 
  4. ↑ Jones, Feldmann, Schweitzer, Reitano, Insacco, Wade, Rodney, Carrie, Agatino, Gianni (1 September 2015). "New Pygocephalomorph (Peracarida) from the Permian of the Sosio Valley (Sicily, Italy)". Journal of Crustacean Biology 35 (5): 627–632. doi:10.1163/1937240X-00002367. 
  5. ↑ WoRMS. "Pygocephalomorpha". http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=477254. 
  6. ↑ WoRMS. "Pygocephalomorpha incertae sedis". http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=477303. 
  7. ↑ Jones, Wade T.; Feldmann, Rodney M.; Schram, Frederick R.; Schweitzer, Carrie E.; Maguire, Evin P. (2016). "The Proof is in the Pouch: Tealliocaris is a Peracarid" (in en). Palaeodiversity 9 (1). doi:10.18476/pale.v9.a5.full. ISSN 1867-6294. https://bioone.org/journals/Palaeodiversity/volume-9/issue-1/pale.v9.a5/The-Proof-is-in-the-Pouch--Tealliocaris-is-a/10.18476/pale.v9.a5.full. 
  8. ↑ Astrop, Tim (2026). "A new pygocephalomorph crustacean from the Brymbo Fossil Forest (Moscovian), North Wales, UK and a reassessment of the genus Pygocephalus" (in en). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (Taylor and Francis Online) 24 (2). doi:10.1080/14772019.2026.2699904. ISSN 1478-0941. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2026.2699904. Retrieved September 13, 2026. 

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