Biology:RNAIII
RNAIII is a stable 514 nt regulatory RNA transcribed by the P3 promoter of the Staphylococcus aureus quorum-sensing agr system [1][2]). It is the major effector of the agr regulon, which controls the expression of many S. aureus genes encoding exoproteins and cell wall associated proteins plus others encoding regulatory proteins [3][4] The RNAIII transcript also encodes the 26 amino acid δ-haemolysin (Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin) peptide (Hld).[5] RNAIII contains many stem loops, most of which match the Shine-Dalgarno sequence involved in translation initiation of the regulated genes.[5] Some of these interactions are inhibitory, others stimulatory; among the former is the regulatory protein Rot.[6][7] In vitro, RNAIII is expressed post exponentially, inhibiting translation of the surface proteins, notably protein A, while stimulating that of the exoproteins, many of which are tissue-degrading enzymes or cytolysins.[8] Among the latter is the important virulence factor, α-hemolysin (or alpha toxin) (Hla), whose translation RNAIII activates by preventing the formation of an inhibitory foldback loop in the hla mRNA leader.[9]
References
- ↑ "Synthesis of staphylococcal virulence factors is controlled by a regulatory RNA molecule". The EMBO Journal 12 (10): 3967–75. October 1993. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06074.x. PMID 7691599.
- ↑ "Regulatory RNAs in bacteria". Cell 136 (4): 615–28. February 2009. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.043. PMID 19239884.
- ↑ "The role of the delta-lysin gene (hld) in the regulation of virulence genes by the accessory gene regulator (agr) in Staphylococcus aureus". The EMBO Journal 9 (5): 1391–9. May 1990. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08254.x. PMID 2328718.
- ↑ "Autoinduction and signal transduction in the regulation of staphylococcal virulence". Molecular Microbiology 48 (6): 1429–49. June 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03526.x. PMID 12791129.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Probing the structure of RNAIII, the Staphylococcus aureus agr regulatory RNA, and identification of the RNA domain involved in repression of protein A expression". RNA 6 (5): 668–79. May 2000. doi:10.1017/S1355838200992550. PMID 10836788.
- ↑ "Inhibition of rot translation by RNAIII, a key feature of agr function". Molecular Microbiology 61 (4): 1038–48. August 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05292.x. PMID 16879652.
- ↑ "Staphylococcus aureus RNAIII coordinately represses the synthesis of virulence factors and the transcription regulator Rot by an antisense mechanism". Genes & Development 21 (11): 1353–66. June 2007. doi:10.1101/gad.423507. PMID 17545468.
- ↑ "Transcription profiling-based identification of Staphylococcus aureus genes regulated by the agr and/or sarA loci". Journal of Bacteriology 183 (24): 7341–53. December 2001. doi:10.1128/JB.183.24.7341-7353.2001. PMID 11717293.
- ↑ "Activation of alpha-toxin translation in Staphylococcus aureus by the trans-encoded antisense RNA, RNAIII". The EMBO Journal 14 (18): 4569–77. September 1995. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00136.x. PMID 7556100.
Further reading
- "Staphylococcus aureus RNAIII binds to two distant regions of coa mRNA to arrest translation and promote mRNA degradation". PLOS Pathogens 6 (3): e1000809. March 2010. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000809. PMID 20300607.
- "agr RNAIII divergently regulates glucose-induced biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus". Microbiology (Reading, England) 154 (Pt 11): 3480–3490. November 2008. doi:10.1099/mic.0.2007/016014-0. PMID 18957601.
- "RNAIII-independent target gene control by the agr quorum-sensing system: insight into the evolution of virulence regulation in Staphylococcus aureus". Molecular Cell 32 (1): 150–8. October 2008. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.08.005. PMID 18851841.
- "Staphylococcus aureus RNAIII and the endoribonuclease III coordinately regulate spa gene expression". The EMBO Journal 24 (4): 824–35. February 2005. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600572. PMID 15678100.
- "Dual RNA regulatory control of a Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor". Nucleic Acids Research 42 (8): 4847–58. April 2014. doi:10.1093/nar/gku119. PMID 24510101.
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