Biology:Ramalina

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Short description: Genus of lichenised fungi in the family Ramalinaceae


Ramalina
Ramalina fraxinae ascocarp.JPG
Ramalina fraxinea
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Ramalinaceae
Genus: Ramalina
Ach. (1809)[1]
Type species
Ramalina fraxinea
(L.) Ach. (1810)
Species

See text

Synonyms[2]
  • Alectoriopsis Elenkin (1929)
  • Chlorodictyon J.Agardh (1870)
  • Dievernia M.Choisy (1931)
  • Fistulariella Bowler & Rundel (1977)
  • Platisma P.Browne ex Adans. (1763)
  • Platysma Hill (1773)
  • Ramalinomyces E.A.Thomas ex Cif. & Tomas. (1953)
  • Trichoramalina Rundel & Bowler (1974)
  • Vermilacinia Spjut & Hale (1995)

Ramalina is a genus of greenish fruticose lichens that grow in the form of flattened, strap-like branches.[3]:189 Members of the genus are commonly called strap lichens[3]:189 or cartilage lichens.[4] Apothecia are lecanorine.[3]:189

Lichen spot tests on the cortex are K−, C−, KC+ dark yellow, and P−.[3]:189

It is in the Ramalinaceae and in the suborder Lecanorineae.[5]

Distribution

The genus has a widespread distribution. A 2008 estimate placed more than 240 species in Ramalina.[6]

Species

  • R. ailaoshanensis S.Y.Guo & L.F.Han (2021)[7] – China
  • R. alisiosae Pérez-Vargas & Pérez-Ort. (2013)[8] – Canary Islands
  • R. americana Hale (1979) [1978][9] – North America
  • R. andina V.Marcano & A.Morales (1994)[10] – Venezuela
  • R. arabum (Dill. ex Ach.) Meyen & Flot. (1843)
  • R. arsenii Sérus., van den Boom & Magain (2021)[11] – Europe
  • R. azorica Aptroot & F.Schumm (2008)[12] – Azores
  • R. australiensis Nyl. (1870)[13]
  • R. baltica Lettau (1912)
  • R. banzarensis C.W.Dodge (1948)
  • R. breviuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. (1872)
  • R. caespitella G.N.Stevens (1986)[14] – Australia
  • R. calcarata Krog & Swinscow (1974)[15] – East Africa
  • R. calicaris (L.) Röhl. (1813)
  • R. canalicularis (Nyl.) Kashiw. (2004)
  • R. canariensis J.Steiner (1904)[16]
  • R. cannonii Elix, Laily & Samsuddin (1991)[17] – Peninsular Malaysia
  • R. capitata (Ach.) Nyl. (1872)
  • R. carminae R.Arroyo & Seriñá (2011)
  • R. celastri (Spreng.) A.Massal. (1861)
  • R. chihuahuana Kashiw. & T.H.Nash (2002)[18] – Mexico
  • R. chiguarensis V.Marcano & A.Morales (1994)[10] – Venezuela
  • R. chondrina J.Steiner (1904)[16]
  • R. cinereovirens Kashiw., K.H.Moon & J.E.Han (2021)[19] – South Korea
  • R. confirmata (Nyl.) Zahlbr. (1930)
  • R. coreana Kashiw. & K.H.Moon (2002)[20] – Southeast Asia
  • R. corymbosa (Hue) Kotlov (2004)
  • R. crispata V.Marcano & A. Morales (1994)[10] – Venezuela
  • R. cuspidata (Ach.) Nyl. (1870)
  • R. darwiniana Aptroot & Bungartz (2007)[21] – Galapagos
  • R. dilacerata (Hoffm.) Hoffm. (1825)
  • R. disparata Krog & Swinscow (1976)[22] – Africa
  • R. dissimilis Krog (2000)[23] – Tanzania
  • R. dumeticola Krog & Swinscow (1976)[22] – Africa
  • R. europaea Gasparyan, Sipman & Lücking (2017)[24] – Europe
  • R. exiguella Stirt. (1881)
  • R. exilis Asahina (1939)[25] – Japan
  • R. farinacea (L.) Ach. (1810)
  • R. fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. (1810)
  • R. fecunda Krog & Swinscow (1976)[22] – Africa
  • R. filicaulis G.N.Stevens (1987)[26] – Australia
  • R. fimbriata Krog & Swinscow (1974)[15] – East Africa
  • R. fissa (Müll.Arg.) Vain. (1900)
  • R. fragilis Aptroot & Bungartz (2007)[21] – Galapagos
  • R. fraxinea (L.) Ach. (1810)
  • R. furcellangulida Aptroot (2007)[21] – Galapagos
  • R. gallowayi Kashiw., T.H.Nash & K.H.Moon (2007)
  • R. geniculatella Aptroot (2008)[27] – Saint Helena
  • R. glaucescens Kremp. (1881)
  • R. gloriosensis R.Poncet (2021)[28] – Scattered Islands
  • R. hengduanshanensis S.O.Oh & Li S.Wang (2014)
  • R. hivertiana R.Poncet (2021)[28] – Scattered Islands
  • R. hoehneliana Müll.Arg. (1890)
  • R. hyrcana Sipman (2011)
  • R. inclinata Kashiw., K.H.Moon & M.J.Lai (2006)
  • R. inflata (Hook.f. & Taylor) Hook.f. & Taylor (1845)
  • R. intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. (1873)
  • R. intestiniformis Kashiw. & K.H.Moon (2016)[29] – Korea
  • R. ketner-oostrae Aptroot (2008)[27] – Saint Helena
  • R. krogiae Guissard & Sérus. (2020)[30] – Canary Islands
  • R. labiosorediata Gasparyan, Sipman & Lücking (2017)[24] – North America
  • R. lacera (With.) J.R.Laundon (1984)
  • R. leiodea (Nyl.) Nyl. (1888)
  • R. litorea G.N.Stevens (1986)[14]
  • R. lopezii V.Marcano & A.Morales (1994)[10] – Venezuela
  • R. luciae Molho, Bodo, W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb. (1981)
  • R. mahoneyi Quedensley & M.Véliz (2011)
  • R. maritima Krog & Swinscow (1976)[22] – Africa
  • R. marteaui R.Poncet (2021)[28] – Scattered Islands
  • R. menziesii Taylor (1847)
  • R. meridionalis Blanchon & Bannister (2002)[31]
  • R. microphylla V.Marcano & A.Morales (1994)[10] – Venezuela
  • R. nervulosa (Müll.Arg.) Abbayes (1952)
  • R. obtusata (Arnold) Bitter (1901)
  • R. osorioi Kashiw., T.H.Nash & K.H.Moon (2007)[32]
  • R. pacifica Asahina (1939)[25] – Japan
  • R. panizzei De Not. (1846)[33]
  • R. peruviana Ach. (1810)
  • R. pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. (1810)
  • R. polyforma Aptroot (2007)[21] – Galapagos
  • R. polymorpha (Lilj.) Ach. (1810)
  • R. portuensis Samp. (1924)
  • R. psoromica Kashiw. & T.H.Nash (2002)[18] – Mexico
  • R. qinlingensis S.Y.Guo & L.F.Han (2021)[7] – China
  • R. quercicola Kashiw. & T.H.Nash (2004)
  • R. reducta Krog & Swinscow (1976)[22] – Africa
  • R. reptans Kashiw., C.W.Sm. & K.H.Moon (2002)[34] – Hawaii
  • R. rigidella Aptroot (2008)[27] – Saint Helena
  • R. ryukyuensis Kashiw. & K.H.Moon (2017)[35] – Japan
  • R. sanctae-helenae Aptroot (2008)[27] – Saint Helena
  • R. santanensis V.Marcano & A.Morales (1994)[10] – Venezuela
  • R. sarahae K.Knudsen, Lendemer & Kocouk. (2018)[36] – Channel Islands (California)
  • R. seawardii Aptroot & Sipman (2001)[37] – Hong Kong
  • R. siliquosa (Huds.) A.L.Sm. (1918)
  • R. sphaerophora Kashiw. & K.H.Moon (2016)[29] – Korea
  • R. stevensiae Elix, Laily & Samsuddin (1991)[17] – Norfolk Island
  • R. stoffersii Sipman (2011)[38]
  • R. subdecumbens Kashiw., K.H.Moon & J.E.Han (2021)[19] – South Korea
  • R. subfarinacea (Nyl. ex Cromb.) Nyl. (1872)
  • R. subfraxinea Nyl. (1870)
  • R. subrotunda Kashiw., C.W.Sm. & K.H.Moon (2002)[34] – Hawaii
  • R. tapperii Krog & Swinscow (1974)[15] – East Africa
  • R. tenella Müll.Arg. (1879)
  • R. tenuissima V.Marcano & A.Morales (1994)[10] – Venezuela
  • R. throwerae Aptroot & Sipman (2001)[37] – Hong Kong
  • R. tovarensis V.Marcano & A.Morales (1994)[10] – Venezuela
  • R. translucida Krog & Swinscow (1974)[15] – East Africa
  • R. tropica G.N.Stevens (1987)[26] – Australia
  • R. unilateralis F.Wilson (1889)
  • R. usnea (L.) R.Howe (1914)
  • R. whinrayi G.N.Stevens (1986)[14] – Australia
  • R. wirthii Aptroot & Schumm (2008)[12] – Azores
  • R. yokotae Kashiw. & K.H.Moon (2017)[35] – Japan
  • R. zollingeri Szatala (1937)[39]


References

  1. ↑ Acharius E. (1809) (in Latin). Lichenographia Universalis. pp. 122, 598. 
  2. ↑ "Synonymy. Current Name: Ramalina Ach., in Luyken, Tent. Hist. Lich.: 95 (1809)". Species Fungorum. http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=4647. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN:978-0-300-19500-2
  4. ↑ "Ramalina". Encyclopedia of Life. http://eol.org/pages/16377/overview. 
  5. ↑ C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell, Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004) ISBN:0-471-52229-5
  6. ↑ Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. 2008. p. 591. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Zhang, Huan-Bing; Liu, Yu-Jie; Guo, Shou-Yu; Han, Liu-Fu (2021). "Two new lichen species of the genus Ramalina (Ramalinaceae) from China". The Bryologist 124 (2). doi:10.1639/0007-2745-124.1.162. 
  8. ↑ Pérez-Vargas, Israel (2014). "A new endemic Ramalina species from the Canary Islands (Ascomycota, Lecanorales)". Phytotaxa 159 (4): 269–278. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.159.4.3. 
  9. ↑ Hale, Mason E. (1978). "A new species of Ramalina from North America (Lichenes: Ramalinaceae)". The Bryologist 81 (4): 599–602. doi:10.2307/3242352. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Marcano, Vicente; Méndez, Antonio Morales; Mendez, Antonio Morales (1994). "New species of Ramalina from Venezuela". The Bryologist 97 (1): 26–33. doi:10.2307/3243345. 
  11. ↑ Sérusiaux, Emmanuël; van den Boom, Pieter; Magain, Nicolas (2021). "Ramalina arsenii, an additional new species in the R. pollinaria group in Western Europe". The Lichenologist 53 (6): 433–439. doi:10.1017/s0024282921000372. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Aptroot, A.; Schumm, F. (2008). "Key to Ramalina species known from Atlantic islands, with two new species from the Azores". Sauteria 15: 21–57. 
  13. ↑ Nylander, W. (1870). "Recognitio monographica Ramalinarum" (in la). Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie 4: 120. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Stevens, G. Nell (1986). "Three new saxicolous Ramalinae from Australia". The Lichenologist 18 (2): 183–189. doi:10.1017/s0024282986000233. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Swinscow, T.D.V.; Krog, H. (1974). "Ramalina species with a hollow thallus (Fistularia) in East Africa". Norwegian Journal of Botany 21: 111–124. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Steiner, J. (1904). "Flechten, auf Madeira und den Kanaren gesammelt von J. Bornmüller in den Jahren 1900 und 1901 (Fortsetzung)" (in de). Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 54 (10): 351–365. doi:10.1007/BF01673048. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Elix, J.A.; Din, L.B.; Samsudin, M.W.B. (1991). "New species of Ramalina (lichenized Ascomycotina) from Australasia and Malaysia". Mycotaxon 40: 41–44. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Kashiwadani, H.; Nash, T.H. III (2002). "New species of the genus Ramalina (Ascomycotina: Ramalinaceae) from the Sonoran Desert, Mexico". Mycotaxon 83: 385–389. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Kashiwadani, H.; Moon, K.H.; Han, J.E. (2021). "Ramalina cinereovirens and R. subdecumbens (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycotina), two new species from Korea". Journal of Japanese Botany 96 (2): 74–83. 
  20. ↑ Kashiwadani, H.; Moon, K.H. (2002). "A new or interesting species of the genus Ramalina (Ascomycotina:Ramalinaceae) from Korea and Japan". Bulletin of the National Science Museum Tokyo 28 (1): 1–6. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Aptroot, A.; Bungartz, F. (2007). "The lichen genus Ramalina on the Galapagos". The Lichenologist 39 (6): 519–542. doi:10.1017/s0024282907006901. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 Krog, H.; Swinscow, T.D.V. (1976). "The genus Ramalina in East Africa". Norwegian Journal of Botany 23 (3): 153–175. 
  23. ↑ Krog, H. (2000). "Corticolous macrolichens of low montane rainforests and moist woodlands of eastern Tanzania". Sommerfeltia 28: 1–75. doi:10.2478/som-2000-0001. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Gasparyan, Arsen; Sipman, Harrie J. M.; Lücking, Robert (2017). "Ramalina europaea and R. labiosorediata, two new species of the R. pollinaria group (Ascomycota:Ramalinaceae), and new typifications for Lichen pollinarius and L. squarrosus". The Lichenologist 49 (4): 301–319. doi:10.1017/s0024282917000226. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Asahina, Y. (1939). "Ramalina-Arten aus Japan (II)" (in de). Journal of Japanese Botany 15: 205–223. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Stevens, G.N. (1987). "The lichen genus Ramalina in Australia". Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History 16: 107–223. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Aptroot, A. (2008). "Lichens of St Helena and Ascension Island". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 158: 147–171. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2008.00797.x. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Poncet, Rémy; Lohézic-Le Dévéhat, Françoise; Ferron, Solenn; Hivert, Jean; Fontaine, Christian; Picot, Frédéric; Bidault, Ehoarn; Kervran, Lionel (2021). "The genus Ramalina (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) from the Scattered Islands (French Southern and Antarctic Lands), with descriptions of three new species". Plant and Fungal Systematics 66 (2): 211–224. doi:10.35535/pfsyst-2021-0019. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Moon, K.H.; Ahn, C.; Han, J.E.; Kashiwadani, H. (2016). "Two new species of Ramalina (Ascomycotina: Ramalinaceae) from Korea". Journal of Japanese Botany 91(Suppl.): 376–387. 
  30. ↑ Spjut, Richard; Simon, Antoine; Guissard, Martin; Magain, Nicolas; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël (2020). "The fruticose genera in the Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes): their diversity and evolutionary history". MycoKeys 73: 1–68. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.73.47287. PMID 32994702. 
  31. ↑ Blanchon, D.J.; Bannister, J. (2002). "Ramalina meridionalis, a new species from New Zealand, Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island". Australasian Lichenology 51: 17–19. 
  32. ↑ Kashiwadani, H.; Nash, T.H.; Moon, K.H. (2007). "Two new species of the genus Ramalina (Ascomycotina: Ramalinaceae) from South America". Bibliotheca Lichenologica 95: 335–340. 
  33. ↑ De Notaris, G. (1846). "Frammenti lichenografici di un lavoro inedito" (in it). Giornale Botanico Italiano 2 (1): 211. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Kashiwadani, H.; Smith, C.W.; Moon (2002). "New Species of Ramalina (Ascomycotina, Ramalinaceae) from the Hawaiian Islands". Journal of Japanese Botany 77 (6): 351–355. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Kashiwadani, H.; Moon, K.H. (2017). "Two new species of Ramalina (Ascomycotina: Ramalinaceae) from the Nansei Islands, Japan". Journal of Japanese Botany 92 (1): 27–33. 
  36. ↑ Knudsen, Kerry; Lendemer, James C.; Kocourková, Jana (2018). "Ramalina sarahae (Ramalinaceae), a new species from the Channel Islands of California, U.S.A.". The Bryologist 121 (4): 513–519. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-121.4.513. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Aptroot, A.; Sipman, H.J.M. (2001). "New Hong Kong lichens, ascomycetes and lichenicolous fungi". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 91: 317–343. 
  38. ↑ Lumbsch, H.T.; Ahti, T.; Altermann, S.; De Paz, G.A.; Aptroot, A.; Arup, U. et al. (2011). "One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity". Phytotaxa 18 (1): 9–11. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1. http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/p00018p127f.pdf. 
  39. ↑ Szatala, O. (1937). "Ramalinae nonnullae". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 42 (16–20): 225–228. doi:10.1002/fedr.19370421602. 

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