Biology:Rebutia

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Short description: Genus of cacti

Rebutia
Rebutia wessneriana 1.jpg
Rebutia minuscula var. wessneriana
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Tribe: Cereeae
Subtribe: Rebutiinae
Genus: Rebutia
K.Schum.
Type species
Rebutia minuscula
Synonyms[1]
  • Bridgesia Backeb., nom. nud.
  • Kníže & Říha Y.Itô, nom. inval.
  • Doweld Neogymnantha
  • Echinorebutia Y.Itô, without replaced synonym ref.
  • Cylindrorebutia Frič ex Kreuz.
  • Frič Werderm.
  • Scoparebutia Eurebutia
  • Frič & Kreuz. ex Buining Cintia
  • Frič & Kreuz., no Latin descr. (Backeb.) Vande Weghe
  • Frič Rebulobivia
  • Spegazzinia Gymnantha
  • Backeb., nom. illeg. Sulcorebutia
  • Echinolobivia Y.Itô
  • Backeb. Setirebutia
  • Weingartia Gymnorebutia

Rebutia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cactaceae, native to Bolivia and Argentina . They are generally small, colorful cacti, globular in form, which freely produce flowers that are relatively large in relation to the body. They have no distinctive ribs, but do have regularly arranged small tubercles. They are considered fairly easy to grow and they may produce large quantities of seeds that germinate freely around the parent plant.

The limits of the genus are currently uncertain – in particular whether or not it includes species formerly or currently placed in the genera Aylostera, Cintia, Sulcorebutia and Weingartia. The number of species included varies widely from source to source. A very large number of plants that have been treated in cultivation as species of Rebutia are now generally regarded as varieties, forms or synonyms of a much smaller number of species.

Taxonomy

The genus was designated in 1895 by Karl Moritz Schumann[2] and named after Pierre Rebut (1828–1902), a French cactus nurseryman. The type species is R. minuscula, which has been in cultivation since 1887.[3][4]

Limits of the genus

There has been considerable debate about the extent of the genus. In the middle of the twentieth century there was a tendency to separate groups of plants within Rebutia as new genera, e.g. Mediolobivia, whereas towards the end of the century the reverse tendency predominated, with genera previously regarded as separate, such as Weingartia, being subsumed within Rebutia. At the beginning of the twenty-first century there was a broad consensus, as reflected in Kew's list of Vascular Plant Families and Genera, that the following genera should be regarded as synonyms of Rebutia:[5]


Kew's Plants of the World Online accepts Aylostera Speg.[6] and Reicheocactus Backeb. 1942.[7]

(The generic names Bridgesia, Spegazzinia, Echinorebutia, Eurebutia, Mediorebutia, Neogymnantha and Setirebutia are invalid, the first two because they are homonyms of Bridgesia Bert. ex Cambess. and Spegazzinia Backeb. respectively,[8] the remainder for lack of any valid publication. Some of these are nevertheless valid names for subdivisions of the genus.[citation needed])

The history of the taxonomic treatment of the genera Rebutia, Aylostera, Weingartia, Sulcorebutia and Cintia is summarized below.[9]

K. Schumann Britton & Rose Spegazzini A. V. Frič
1895 1896 - 1921 1922 1923 1932 - 1938
Rebutia
genus novum
Echinocactus
Echinopsis
Rebutia
renovation
Rebutia
Rebutia
Rebutia Rebutia Aylostera
genus novum
Digitorebutia, Cylindrorebutia,
Echinorebutia, Setirebutia,
Hymenorebutia, Scopaerebutia
C. Backeberg Donald ICSG Anderson Rowley Mosti & Papini[9]
1966 1975 2001 2009 2011
Rebutia K. Schum. Rebutia
sectio Rebutia
Rebutia Rebutia
subg. Rebutia
Rebutia
Aylostera Speg. Rebutia
sectio Aylostera
Rebutia Aylostera
subg. Aylostera
Aylostera
subg. Aylostera
Mediolobivia Backeb. Rebutia
sectio Setirebutia,
Digitorebutia, Cylindrorebutia
Rebutia Aylostera
subg. Mediolobivia
Aylostera
subg. Mediolobivia
Weingartia Werderm.
syn.Spegazzinia Backeb.
Weingartia Rebutia Rebutia
subg. Weingartia
Weingartia
Sulcorebutia Backeb. Sulcorebutia Rebutia Rebutia
subg. Sulcorebutia
Weingartia
incl. Cintia

The variation in the treatment of the genus is illustrated by the difference between Mosti et al., who in 2011 treated Aylostera and Weingartia (including Cintia and Sulcorebutia) as distinct from Rebutia,[9] and Plants of the World Online, which (As of October 2023) continued to separate Aylostera, but merged Cintia, Sulcorebutia and Weingartia into Rebutia.[1]

Species

The number of species is similarly debatable, because of disagreement both over what constitutes the genus and what constitutes a species. A very large number of plants that have circulated as species of Rebutia are now generally regarded as varieties, forms or synonyms of others.[10] E. F. Anderson recognised forty-one species in 2001.[11] The following species are accepted by Plants of the World Online (As of October 2023):[1]

Image Scientific name Distribution
Sulcorebutia arenacea MC4400.jpg Rebutia arenacea Cárdenas Bolivia
Rebutia borealis Diers & Krahn Bolivia
Rebutia caineana1MW.jpg Rebutia breviflora (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt Bolivia
Rebutia caniguerallii1e.MW.jpg Rebutia canigueralii Cárdenas Bolivia.
Sulcorebutia cardenasiana HS41a.jpg Rebutia cardenasiana (R.Vásquez) G.Navarro Bolivia
Rebutia cintia pm.jpg Rebutia cintia Hjertson Bolivia.
Rebutia cylindrica1a.MW.jpg Rebutia cylindrica (Donald & A.B.Lau) Donald Central Bolivia
Rebutia fabrisii aureiflora 1.jpg Rebutia fabrisii Rausch Argentina
Weingartia fidaiana var. kargliana WR677.jpg Rebutia fidaiana (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt Bolivia
Rebutia glomeriseta Cárdenas Bolivia
Rebutia krugerae (Cárdenas) Backeb. Bolivia
Rebutia mentosa GotBot 2015 001.jpg Rebutia mentosa (F.Ritter) Donald Bolivia.
Rebutia minuscula (491293348).jpg Rebutia minuscula K.Schum. Argentina
Rebutia nataliarum V.Gapon Bolivia.
Weingartia neocumingii 2019-05-10 02.jpg Rebutia neocumingii (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt Peru to Bolivia.
Rebutia neumanniana (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt Bolivia to Argentina
Rebutia oligacantha (F.H.Brandt) Donald ex D.R.Hunt Bolivia
Aylostera (Rebutia) padcayensis (5734625098).jpg Rebutia padcayensis Rausch Bolivia to Argentina (Salta)
Sulco steinbachii WR459.jpg Rebutia steinbachii Werderm. Bolvia
Rebutia tiraquensis Cárdenas Bolivia

Phylogeny

Recent research has indicated that the genus Rebutia as currently defined is polyphyletic. Sulcorebutia and Weingartia were kept as separate genera in the study; a summary cladogram for those species studied is shown below.[12]

Rebutia I (R. pseudodeminuta, R. fiebrigii, R. deminuta, R. pygmaea, R. steinmannii and R. einsteinii)

Other genera

Browningia hertlingiana

Browningia candelaris

Rebutia II (R. minuscula and R. padcayensis)

Sulcorebutia, Weingartia and Cintia

Species formerly classified as Weingartia, Sulcorebutia and Cintia show a close relationship to each other and to species of Rebutia with naked pericarpels (Rebutia II), including the type species R. minuscula. The larger group of species of Rebutia studied, those with hairy or bristly pericarpels, form a separate, more distantly related clade (Rebutia I). It is suggested that these be excluded from the genus.[12]

Gallery

Notes and references

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Rebutia K.Schum.". http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295618-2. 
  2. Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde, 5: 102, 1895
  3. N. L. Britton, J. N. Rose, The Cactaceae, Washington, 1920, vol.III, p.45.
  4. Archives départementales du Rhône. death record. Chazay-d'Azergues. 14 March 1902.
  5. "List of genera in family Cactaceae", Vascular Plant Families and Genera (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), http://data.kew.org/cgi-bin/vpfg1992/genlist.pl?CACTACEAE, retrieved 2013-03-10 
  6. "Aylostera Speg. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science" (in en). https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295167-2. 
  7. "Reicheocactus Backeb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science" (in en). https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295573-2. 
  8. "Spegazzinia Backeb." (in en). https://www.gbif.org/species/7279766. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Mosti, Stefano; Bandara, Nadeesha Lewke; Papini, Alessio (2011), "Further insights and new combinations in Aylostera (Cactaceae) based on molecular and morphological data", Pakistan Journal of Botany 43 (6): 2769–2785, http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/abstracts/43(6)/21.html, retrieved 2013-03-19 
  10. Cf. the list of approximately two hundred names under Rebutia (not to mention those given under other genera) provided in B. Fearn and L. Pearcy, The Genus Rebutia, 1895-1981, Matlock: Abbey Brook, 1981, pp.60-71.
  11. Edward F. Anderson, The Cactus Family, Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, 2001, pp.599-611.
  12. 12.0 12.1 Ritz, Christiane M.; Martins, Ludwig; Mecklenburg, Rainer; Goremykin, Vadim; Hellwig, Frank H. (2007), "The molecular phylogeny of Rebutia (Cactaceae) and its allies demonstrates the influence of paleogeography on the evolution of South American mountain cacti", American Journal of Botany 94 (8): 1321–1332, doi:10.3732/ajb.94.8.1321, PMID 21636499 . Summary cladogram based on Fig. 2.

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q310441 entry